Control hormonal del ciclo estral en bovinos y ovinos
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Sede Bucaramanga.
email: orge.atuesta@campusucc.edu.co
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Sede Bucaramanga.
email: angela.gonella@campusucc.edu.co
El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es realizar una descripción detallada y actualizada de los mecanismos hormonales que regulan el ciclo estral. En efecto, sabemos que el ciclo estral es el tiempo comprendido desde un celo hasta el comienzo del siguiente. Los eventos endocrinos presentes durante el ciclo son regulados por el hipotálamo (mediante la secreción de GnRH), la hipófisis (secreción de lhy fsh), el folículo (secreta estrógenos e inhibina), el cuerpo lúteo (secreta progesterona y oxitocina) y el útero (productor de prostaglandina F2α). En el proestro una rápida disminución en los niveles de progesterona plasmática precede al estro, causada por la liberación de prostaglandina F2α desde el endometrio. La disminución en las concentraciones de progesterona permite al folículo ovulatorio crecer y secretar estradiol; la captación de estradiol plasmático por receptores específicos en el hipotálamo puede “disparar” el mecanismo neural que permite los cambios de comportamiento asociados con el inicio del celo. Durante el estro, la hembra es receptiva al macho y permite la cópula. Un pico en las concentraciones de estradiol aparece después del inicio del estro e induce la descarga preovulatoria de lh. Ésta induce la ovulación e inicia el proceso de luteinización de las células de la teca y la granulosa. Durante el metaestro, se desarrolla un nuevo cuerpo lúteo, las concentraciones séricas de progesterona inician su elevación hasta que, en el diestro, el cuerpo lúteo termina su proceso de maduración. Si existe un embrión viable en el útero, éste enviará señales de reconocimiento materno que frenará el proceso de luteólisis, evitando que el animal inicie un nuevo ciclo estral y mantenga así la vida del cuerpo lúteo durante la gestación.
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En calidad de autor del artículo, declaro que este, es un trabajo original, inédito, de mi creación exclusiva, que no se ha postulado a evaluación simultánea en otra publicación y que no cuenta con algún impedimento de cualquier naturaleza para la concesión de los derechos previstos en este contrato.
En ese sentido, me comprometo a esperar un resultado de evaluación de la revista, antes de considerar su presentación a otro medio, en caso de que la respuesta de publicación no sea positiva; adicionalmente, me comprometo a responder por cualquier acción de reivindicación, plagio u otra clase de reclamación que al respecto pudiera sobrevivir por parte de terceros.
Asimismo, declaro que como autor o coautor, estoy de acuerdo por completo con los contenidos presentados en este trabajo y cedo todos los derechos patrimoniales, es decir, la reproducción, comunicación pública, distribución, divulgación, transformación, puesta a disposición y demás formas de explotación de la obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, a la revista y a la Editorial de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia.
