Cetosis en rebaños lecheros
presentación y control
Las pérdidas económicas de los sistemas lecheros debidas a desbalances metabólicos están relacionadas con un inadecuado manejo en el periodo de transición, predisponiendo a la presentación de trastornos de salud que se reflejan en pérdidas en la producción de leche, eficiencia productiva y bienestar animal. Las fallas en los mecanismos de adaptación metabólica en el periodo de transición y lactancia temprana están directamente asociadas con las altas tasas de movilización de lípidos, que predisponen la presentación de cetosis. La cetosis es una enfermedad metabólica que afecta a las vacas lecheras de alta producción láctea, asociada con el balance energético negativo. La cetosis se clasifica en dos tipos, según los trastornos metabólicos que las caracterizan: tipo I hipoglucémica-hipoinsulinémica, y tipo II híperglucémica-hiperinsulinémica; ambos tipos pueden ser controlados y prevenidos por medio de estrategias de manejo, dieta y aditivos durante diferentes etapas de la lactancia. La falta de diagnóstico y de prevención del balance energético negativo y de la cetosis genera pérdidas productivas por la alta presentación de enfermedades, bajas tasas reproductivas, recurso humano, tratamiento y descarte precoz de animales en el rebaño. El presente documento tiene como objetivo revisar los aspectos generales de la presentación de cetosis y las estrategias de control en rebaños lecheros.
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