• Artículos originales

    Análisis institucional para la transformación

    Vol. 28 Núm. 1 (2026)
    Publicado: 01/27/2026
    Ryan S. Baker
    Adelaide University

    La analítica del aprendizaje —el uso sistemático de datos educativos para comprender y mejorar el aprendizaje— ha surgido como un enfoque prometedor para enfrentar desafíos persistentes en la educación superior, entre ellos la deserción estudiantil, los resultados de aprendizaje desiguales y las inequidades estructurales. Este artículo examina cómo la analítica del aprendizaje puede apoyar la mejora institucional, con especial atención a las universidades multicampus y a contextos donde este tipo de enfoques aún se encuentra poco desarrollado. A partir de ejemplos provenientes de la educación superior y de los sistemas K–12 a nivel internacional, el artículo adopta una perspectiva sociotécnica y sostiene que el uso efectivo de la analítica depende tanto de las prácticas humanas, la gobernanza y la ética, como de las capacidades tecnológicas.

    El artículo revisa aplicaciones de la analítica del aprendizaje para distintos grupos de interés. El profesorado utiliza paneles de control para identificar estudiantes en riesgo e informar decisiones pedagógicas; los estudiantes reciben retroalimentación personalizada, alertas y recomendaciones de cursos que apoyan la permanencia; las plataformas digitales de aprendizaje adaptan contenidos y detectan señales de desenganche; los asesores priorizan el acompañamiento mediante sistemas de datos integrados; y los directivos académicos emplean la analítica para identificar vacíos curriculares y debilidades en la enseñanza. En todas estas aplicaciones, el artículo sitúa en el centro principios éticos fundamentales —transparencia, privacidad, consentimiento, equidad, mitigación de sesgos y rendición de cuentas— como base de una práctica responsable.

    Al mismo tiempo, el artículo advierte sobre desafíos significativos de implementación que con frecuencia socavan las iniciativas de analítica. Entre ellos se incluyen la insuficiencia de la infraestructura de datos, la fatiga por alertas cuando las predicciones no se integran en flujos de trabajo accionables, la limitada participación del profesorado y de los equipos de TI, y las dificultades para escalar proyectos piloto en campus y programas diversos. Superar estos obstáculos exige concebir la analítica del aprendizaje no como un complemento técnico, sino como un proceso de cambio organizacional.

    Para lograr una implementación sostenible, el artículo propone procesos de diseño iterativos e informados por la evidencia, basados en las ciencias del aprendizaje, la interacción humano–computador y el diseño universal. Entre las condiciones habilitadoras clave se encuentran los ciclos de retroalimentación para la mejora continua, la formación en alfabetización de datos, estructuras claras de gobernanza con representación intercampus, roles definidos para diseñadores de aprendizaje y coordinadores de implementación, y prácticas sólidas de gestión y custodia de datos. En el caso de las universidades multicampus, resulta crucial equilibrar la estandarización con la adaptación local para garantizar un impacto equitativo.

    El artículo concluye abordando los desafíos emergentes asociados a la inteligencia artificial generativa y delineando pasos prácticos para los líderes institucionales. Al asumir la analítica del aprendizaje como un compromiso de largo plazo, éticamente fundamentado y centrado en la equidad y la agencia estudiantil, las universidades pueden aprovechar los datos para impulsar mejoras significativas y sostener la confianza pública en el uso responsable de la tecnología educativa.

    Palabras clave: analítica del aprendizaje, éxito estudiantil, implementación, universidad multicampus, sistemas sociotécnicos

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