Asociaciones entre la exposición a medios electrónicos y comunicación durante la infancia temprana
una revisión integrativa
Propósito: evaluar la cantidad de uso promedio que los infantes realizan de los medios electrónicos, y observar cómo se asocian con la comunicación infantil temprana a través de una revisión integrativa de los últimos 10 años (2010-2020).
Tema: el uso de pantallas durante la infancia temprana y sus asociaciones con habilidades de comunicación verbales y preverbales.
Desarrollo: la comunicación verbal y no verbal en los primeros años son habilidades fundamentales, ya que predicen el desarrollo posterior de otras habilidades cognitivas y del rendimiento académico. Siendo que la exposición a dispositivos tecnológicos ha aumentado en los últimos años, tanto en adultos como en la infancia temprana, se vuelve importante revisar estudios sobre esta temática. Se encontraron 15 estudios que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. En los primeros tres años de vida, en promedio el uso de dispositivos tecnológicos fue de 1 a 3 horas diarias, y los mismos se asociaron de forma negativa con el desarrollo de la comunicación. Sin embargo, es necesario tener en cuenta si la actividad está acompañada por un adulto, el nivel educativo, y el tipo de contenido que se consume.
Conclusiones: es necesario realizar más investigaciones en el contexto latinoamericano, teniendo en cuenta la diversidad de dispositivos electrónicos y contenidos con los que contamos en la actualidad.
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