Avaliando a relação entre garra e desempenho acadêmico em estudantes : Uma revisão sistemática
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul. FACH/Psicologia -Cidade Universitária, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas Avenida Costa e Silva, Pioneiros, Campo Grande - MS, Brasil. CEP 79070-900
email: akssoares@gmail.com
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul
email: felipe.faria@ufms.br
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul
email: biancaafborges96@gmail.com
Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul
email: sincorreo@sciocorp.org
O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, por meio de uma revisão sistemática com estudantes, como a garra está associada às diferentes formas de mensuração do desempenho acadêmico. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados do Scielo, PsycNET e PubMED com os descritores “desempenho acadêmico”, “garra” e suas variações. Foram identificados 1470 artigos, destes 24,6% (363) do Scielo, 24,1% (355) do PsycNET e 51,1% (752) no PubMED. Após exclusão de duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 25 artigos foram selecionados para leitura completa. Foram identificadas pesquisas entre os anos de 2016 (8%) e 2021 (20%), sendo a maioria do ano de 2020 (36%), divulgados em idioma inglês (96%), com estudantes do ensino superior (48%), que empregaram o Short Grit Scale (67%) para mensurar a garra e o GPA (média de rendimento; 48%) para avaliar o desempenho acadêmico. Ao analisar os artigos, estes foram divididos em quatro categorias: correlação positiva entre garra e desempenho acadêmico (52%), instrumentos de mensuração (40%), baixa relação entre garra e desempenho acadêmico (4%) e não identificaram correlação estatisticamente significativa com o GPA (4%). Os achados permitiram construir um panorama geral sobre a maneira como as temáticas de garra e desempenho acadêmico estão sendo estudadas, quando se considera o panorama nacional e internacional. É provável que a ausência de pesquisas nacionais reporte uma lacuna nas pesquisas realizadas sobre os temas conjuntamente em nosso contexto, sugerindo estudos futuros tanto de natureza teórica quanto empírica.
Abubakar, U., Azli, N. A. S. M., Hashim, I. A., Kamarudin, N. F. A., Latif, N. A. I. A.,Alhadabi, A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2020). Grit, self-efficacy, achievement orientation goals, and academic performance in University students. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 519-535. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2019.1679202.
Akos, P., & Kretchmar, J. (2017). Investigating Grit at a Non-Cognitive Predictor of College Success. The Review of Higher Education 40(2), 163-186. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2017.0000.
*Alzerwi, N. A. (2020). Effects of grit on the academic performance of medical students: a cross-sectional study at Majmaah University. Advances in medical education and practice, 11, 419.
Barnett, M. D., Melugin, P. R., & Hernández, J. (2020). Time perspective, intended academic engagement, and academic performance. Current Psychology, 39(2), 761-767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9771-9.
Brand t,J.Z., Francisca, R.T & Araújo.,J..F.F.E. (2020). Fatores influenciadores do desempenho acadêmico na graduação em administração pública. Educ. Pesqui, 46, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1678-4634202046202500.
Buskirk-Cohen, A. A., & Plants, A. (2019). Caring about Success: Students’ Perceptions of Professors’ Caring Matters More than Grit. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(1), 108-114. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1206948.
*Clark, K. N., & Malecki, C. K. (2019). Academic Grit Scale: Psychometric properties and associations with achievement and life satisfaction. Journal of School Psychology, 72, 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2018.12.001.
*Collantes-Tique, N., Pineda-Parra, J. A., Ortiz-Otálo, C. D., Ramírez Castañeda, S., Jiménez-Pachón, C., Quintero-Ovalle, C., & Uribe Moreno, M. E. (2020). Validación de la estructura psicométrica de las escalas Grit-O y Grit-S en el contexto colombiano y su relación con el éxito académico. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 24(2), 95-110. https://www.doi.org/10.14718/ACP.2021.24.2.9.
Cormier, D. L., Ferguson, L. J., Gyurcsik, N. C., Briere, J. L., Dunn, J. G., & Kowalski, K. C. (2021). Grit in sport: A scoping review. International Review of Sport AND Exercise Psychology, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984X.2021.1934887
*Cosgrove, J. M., Chen, Y. T., & Castelli, D. M. (2018). Physical fitness, grit, school attendance, and academic performance among adolescents. BioMed research international, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9801258.
Cormier, L.D., Dunn, J.G.H., & Dunn, J.C. (2019). Examining the domain specificity of grit. Personality and Individual, 139, 349-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.11.026.
Credé, M., Tynan, M. C., & Harms, P. D. (2017). Much ado about grit: A meta-analytic synthesis of the grit literature. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 113(3), 492–511. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000102.
Cruwys, T., Ng, N. W., Haslam, S. A., & Haslam, C. (2021). Identity continuity protects academic performance, retention, and life satisfaction among international students. Applied Psychology, 70(3), 931-954. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12254.
*Dixson, D. D., Worrell, F. C., Olszewski-Kubilius, P., & Subotnik, R. F. (2016). Beyond perceived ability: The contribution of psychosocial factors to academic performance. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1377(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13210.
*Dumfart, B., & Neubauer, A. C. (2016). Conscientiousness is the most powerful noncognitive predictor of school achievement in adolescents. Journal of individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000182.
Duckworth, A. L., & Quinn, P. D. (2009). Development and validation of the Short Grit Scale (GRIT–S). Journal of personality assessment, 91(2), 166-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634290.
Duckworth A. L., Quinn P. D., Tsukayama E. (2021). Revisiting the factor structure of grit: A commentary on Duckworth and Quinn (2009). Journal of Personality Assessment, 103(5), 573–575. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2021.1942022
Duckworth, A. L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M. D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and passion for long-term goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.6.1087.
Duckworth, A. L. (2016). Grit: the power of passion and perseverance. New York, NY: Scribner.
Eskreis-Winkler, L., Shulman, E. P., Beal, S. A., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). The grit effect: Predicting retention in the military, the workplace, school and marriage. Frontiers in psychology, 5(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00036
Hernández, E., Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Cid, L., Monteiro, D., & Rodrigues, F. (2020). Passion or perseverance? The effect of perceived autonomy support and grit on academic performance in college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 2143. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062143.
*Hossain, B., Chen, Y., Bent, S., Widjaja, F., Haft, S. L., Hoeft, F., & Hendren, R. L. (2021). The role of grit and resilience in children with reading disorder: a longitudinal cohort study. Annals of dyslexia, 72(1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11881-021-00238-w.
Gasparotto, G. D. S., Szeremeta, T. do P., Vagetti, G. C., Stoltz, T., & Oliveira, V. de. (2018). O autoconceito de estudantes de ensino médio e sua relação com desempenho acadêmico: Uma revisão sistemática. Revista Portuguesa De Educação, 31(1), 21–37. https://doi.org/10.21814/rpe.13013.
Gonzalez, O., Canning, J. R., Smyth, H., & MacKinnon, D. P. (2020). A psychometric evaluation of the Short Grit Scale: A closer look at its factor structure and scale functioning. European Journal of Psychological Assessment: Official Organ of the European Association of Psychological Assessment, 36(4), 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000535
Guo, J., Tang, X., & Xu, K. M. (2019).Capturing the multiplicative effect of perseverance and passion: Measurement issues of combining two grit facets. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116(10), 3938–3940. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820125116
Hagger, M. S., & Hamilton, K. (2019). Grit and self-discipline as predictors of effort and academic attainment. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 324-342. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12241
Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 115(40), 9980–9985. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803561115
Kelly, D. R., Matthews, M. D., & Bartone, P. T. (2014). Grit and hardiness as predictors of performance among West Point cadets. Military Psychology, 26(4), 327-342.
Kim, H. M., & Hwang, M. H. (2015). Validation of the Korean grit scale for children. The Journal of Education, 35(3), 63-74.
Kim, J. Y. J., Kim, E., & Lee, I. (2021). Influence of self-esteem of middle school students for mental care on academic achievement: based on the mediation effect of GRIT and academic enthusiasm. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 7025. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137025.
*Lee, W. W. S. (2017). Relationships among grit, academic performance, perceived academic failure, and stress in associate degree students. Journal of adolescence, 60, 148-152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.006.
Lee M., Ha G. (2022). The role of peer relationships among elementary school students: Focusing on the mediation effects of grit depending on teacher–student relationships. Current Psychology, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03359-6
*Lee, J. H., Cho, J. H., Kwak, Y. S., Ko, B. G., & Cho, E. H. (2021). The Relationship between Changes in GRIT, Taekwondo Ability, and Academic Achievement of University Students Majoring in Science and Engineering and Participating in Taekwondo Class. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(10), https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105361.
*Li, E. U. C. R.Butz, A. R., & Rojas (2019). Perseverant grit and self-efficacy: Are both essential for children’s academic success?. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(5), 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000324.
*Miller-Matero, L. R., Martinez, S., MacLean, L., Yaremchuk, K., & Ko, A. B. (2018). Grit: A predictor of medical student performance. Education for Health, 31(2), 109. http://www.educationforhealth.net.
*Montas, M., Rao, S. R., Atassi, H. A., Shapiro, M. C., Dean, J., & Salama, A. R. (2020). Relationship of grit and resilience to dental students’ academic success. Journal of Dental Education, 85(2), 176-186. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12414.
*Morell, M., Yang, J. S., Gladstone, J. R., Turci Faust, L., Ponnock, A. R., Lim, H. J., & Wigfield, A. (2020). Grit: The long and short of it. Journal of Educational Psychology. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/edu0000594.
Noronha, A. P., & Almeida, Leandro, S. (2022). A construção e estudo psicométrico da escala de avaliação da garra: versão internacional em língua portuguesa. ISPG-CID-Psicologia Educação e Cultura, 26(1), 8-23. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/40365.
Nudelman, G., & Otto, K. (2020). The development of a new generic risk-of-bias measure for systematic reviews of surveys. Methodology, 16(4), 278-298. https://doi.org/10.5964/meth.4329
Park, D., Tsukayama, E., Goodwin, G. P., Patrick, S., & Duckworth, A. L. (2017). A tripartite taxonomy of character: Evidence for intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intellectual competencies in children. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 48, 16-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.08.001
*Park, D., Yu, A., Baelen, R.N., Tsukayama, E., Duckworth, A.L., (2018). Fostering Grit: Perceived School Goal-Structure Predicts Growth in Grit and Grades, Contemporary Educational Psychology (2018), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2018.09.007
*Pate, A. N., Payakachat, N., Harrell, T. K., Pate, K. A., Caldwell, D. J., & Franks, A. M. (2017). Measurement of grit and correlation to student pharmacist academic performance. American journal of pharmaceutical education, 81(6). https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe816105.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2001). VIA Strength Survey for Children. Retrieved from http://www.authentichappiness.sas.upenn.edu
*Pulkkinen, E. A., & de la Ossa, P. P. (2021). Grit and chiropractic students’ academic performance: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Chiropractic Education, 35(1), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.7899/JCE-19-8.
*Schmidt, F. T., Fleckenstein, J., Retelsdorf, J., Eskreis-Winkler, L., & Möller, J. (2017). Measuring grit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000407.
*Tang, X., Wang, MT., Guo, J. et al. (2019) Building grit: the Longitudinal oathways between mindset, commitment, grit, and academic outcomes. J Youth Adolescence 48, 850–863. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-019-00998-0.
*Tang, X., Wang, M. T., Parada, F., & Salmela-Aro, K. (2020). Putting the goal back into grit: Academic goal commitment, grit, and academic achievement. Journal of youth and adolescence, 50(3), 470-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01348-1.
*Terry, D., & Peck, B. (2020). Academic and clinical performance among nursing students: What’s grit go to do with it?. Nurse education today, 88, 104371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104371
*Teuber, Z., Nussbeck, F. W., & Wild, E. (2020). The bright side of grit in burnout-prevention: exploring grit in the context of demands-resources model among Chinese high school students. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(3), 464-476.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01031-3.
Usher, E. L., Li, C. R., Butz, A. R., & Rojas, J. P. (2019). Perseverant grit and self-efficacy: Are both essential for children’s academic success? Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(5), 877–902. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000324
*Xu, K. M., Meijs, C., Gijselaers, H. J., Neroni, J., & De Groot, R. H. (2020). Measuring perseverance and passion in distance education students: psychometric properties of the grit questionnaire and associations with academic performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3012. www.frontiersin.org.
Wolters C. A., Hussain M. (2015). Investigating grit and its relations with college students’ self-regulated learning and academic achievement. Metacognition and Learning, 10, 293–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-014-9128-9
Yip, M. C. (2021). The linkage among academic performance, learning strategies and self-efficacy of Japanese university students: a mixed-method approach. Studies in Higher Education, 46(8), 1565-1577. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1695111.
Copyright (c) 2023 Pensando Psicología

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
O autor deve declarar que seu trabalho é original e inédito e que não foi enviado à avaliação simultânea para sua publicação por outro meio. Além disso, deve garantir que não tem impedimentos de nenhuma natureza para a concessão dos direitos previstos no contrato.
O autor se compromete a esperar o parecer da revista Pensando Psicología antes de considerar sua apresentação a outro meio; caso a resposta de publicação seja positiva, compromete-se em responder por qualquer ação de reivindicação, plágio ou outro tipo de reclamação que possa ocorrer por parte de terceiros.
Ainda, deve declarar que, como autor ou coautor, está completamente de acordo com os conteúdos apresentados no trabalho e ceder todos os direitos patrimoniais, isto é, sua reprodução, comunicação pública, distribuição, divulgação, transformação e demais formas de utilização da obra por qualquer meio ou procedimento, pelo termo de sua proteção legal e em todos os países do mundo, ao Fundo Editorial da Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, de maneira gratuita e sem compensação monetária.