Bienestar psicológico: identidad colectiva y discriminación en habitantes de barrios estigmatizados

Felipe E. García; Bernarda Castillo; Angelina García; Vanessa Smith Castro

doi:10.16925/pe.v13i22.1987

Psychological Well-Being : Collective Identity and Discrimination in Stigmatized Neighborhoods

Original Research Articles

https://doi.org/10.16925/pe.v13i22.1987

Felipe E. García Ver Biografía

Universidad Santo Tomás

Bernarda Castillo Ver Biografía

Universidad de las Américas

Angelina García Ver Biografía

Universidad de las Américas

Vanessa Smith Castro Ver Biografía

Universidad de Costa Rica

Introduction: Social discrimination and stigmatization of individuals for belonging to a particular group, specifically for their place of residence in this case, is a major problem and affects well-being and mental health.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to establish the relative influence of collective identity and the perception of discrimination on the psychological well-being of inhabitants of stigmatized neighborhoods.

Method: The sample consisted of 160 adults (50% women) living in stigmatized neighborhoods in the province of Concepción, Chile. The instruments used were Keyes’s Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) for the measurement of psychological well-being, the Van Zomeren’s Collective Identity Scale and the Discrimination Experiences Scale adapted to the Latin American context by Smith-Castro.

Results: The results show psychological well-being is negatively influenced by discrimination and positively influenced by collective identity.

Conclusions: Strengthening the sense of belonging and endogroup pride could enable environments and living conditions that promote mental health and healthy lifestyles.

Keywords: inequality, territorial stigmatization, territorial discrimination, social exclusion, prejudice

Allport, G. (1954). The nature of prejudice. Oxford, England: Addison- Wesley.

Aragonés, J., Olivos, P., y Lima, M. (2011, febrero). Conectividad con la naturaleza y bienestar hedónico y eudaimónico. Comunicación presentada en el XI Congreso de Psicología Ambiental, Almería, España.

Arancibia, I., y Moraga, F. (2015). Identidad, emociones y participación política en el movimiento estudiantil chileno. (Seminario de grado). Universidad de Talca, Chile.

Arellano, J. (2011). Identidad social y bienestar en una comunidad rural de la costa norte del Perú. (Seminario de grado). Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima.

Brown, R. (1995). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Oxford, MA: Blackwel Publishing.

Calavrezo, O., y Sari, F. (2012). Neighborhood effects and employment outcomes: Empirical evidence from French priority neighborhoods. Urban Public Economics Review, (17), 12-55. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/deJjH9

Clark, R., Anderson, N. B., Clark, V. R., y Williams, D. R. (1999). Racism as a stressor for African Americans: A biopsychosocial model. American Psychology, 54, 805-816. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.54.10.805

Córdova, C., y Rincón, A. (2013). Trayectorias penitenciarias de pobladores de la Legua: Experiencia de cárcel y retorno al territorio. (Seminario de grado). Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Diener, E., Oishi, S., y Lucas, R.E. (2003). Personality, culture, and subjective well-being: Emotional and cognitive evaluations of Life. Annual Review of Psychology, 54, 403-425. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056

Doyle, D. M., y Molix, L. (2014). Perceived discrimination and well-being in gay men: The protective role of behavioural identification. Psychology y Sexuality, 5(2), 117-130. doi: 10.1080/19419899.2011.653689

De Bruin, G. P., y Du Plessis, G. A. (2015). Bifactor Analysis of the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC—SF). Psychological Reports, 116(2), 438-446. doi: 10.2466/03.02.PR0.116k20w6

Espinosa, A., y Tapia, G. (2011). Identidad nacional como fuente de bienestar subjetivo y social. Boletín de Psicología, 102(2), 71-87. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/zFnpMp

Forster, M., Grigsby, T. J., Soto, D. W., Sussman, S. Y., y Unger, J. B. (2017). Perceived discrimination, cultural identity development, and intimate partner violence among a sample of Hispanic young adults. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1037/cdp0000154

Fuster, M. J., Molero, F., Holgado, F. P., y Mayordomo, S. (2014). Enacted and internalized stigma and quality of life among people with HIV: The role of group identity. Quality of Life Research, 23(7), 1967-1975. doi: 10.1007/s11136-014-0653-4

Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., y Black, W. C. (1999). Análisis multivariante (5ª. ed.). Madrid, España: Prentice Hall.

Hansen, N., y Sassenberg, K. (2006). Does social identification harm of serve as a buffer? The impact of social identification on anger after experiencing social discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 983-996. doi: 10.1177/0146167206287639

Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., Postmes, T., y Haslam, C. (2009). Social identity, health and well‐being: an emerging agenda for applied psychology. Applied Psychology, 58(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00379.x

Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., y Cogan, J. C. (2009). Internalized stigma among sexual minority adults: Insights from a social psychological perspective. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56(1), 32-43. doi: 10.1037/a0014672

Kessler, G. (2012). Las consecuencias de la estigmatización territorial: Reflexiones a partir de un caso particular. Espacios en Blanco, 22, 183-186. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/pbMcG1

Kessler, G., y Dimarco, S. 2013). Jóvenes, policía y estigmatización territorial en la periferia de Buenos Aires. Espacio abierto, 22 (2), 224-226. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/n21LMk

Keyes, C. L., Shmotkin, D., y Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(6), 1007-1022. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.1007

Keyes, C. L., Wissing, M., Potgieter, J. P., Temane, M., Kruger, A., y Van Rooy, S. (2008). Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in setswana-speaking South Africans. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15(3), 181-192. doi: 10.1002/cpp

Landrine, H., y Klonoff, E. A. (1997). Discrimination against women: Prevalence, consequences, remedies. London, England: Sage.

Leach, C. W., van Zomeren, M., Zebel, S., Vliek, M. L. W., Pennekamp, S. F., Doosje, B., ... y Spears, R. (2008). Group-level self-definition and self-investment: A hierarchical (multicomponent) model of in-group identification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 144-165. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.144

Lee, J. P., Lee, R. M., Hu, A. W., y Kim, O. M. (2015). Ethnic identity as a moderator against discrimination for transracially and transnationally adopted Korean American adolescents. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 6(2), 154–163. doi: 10.1037/a0038360

Leyens, J. P., Yzerbyt, V. y Schadron, G. (1994). Stereotypes and social cognition. London, England: Sage.

Mercado, A. y Hernández, A. (2010). El proceso de construcción de la identidad colectiva. Convergencia, 17(53), 229-251. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/45kCX5

Molero, F. y Murillo, J. (2012). La satisfacción vital: Su relación con el prejuicio, la identidad nacional, la autoestima y el bienestar material, en inmigrantes. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15, 99-101. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/AUvY5G

Molero, F., Fuster, M. J., Jetten, J. y Moriano, J. A. (2011). Living with HIV/AIDS: A psychosocial perspective on coping with prejudice and discrimination. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(3), 609-626. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00729.x

Molero, F., Recio, P., García-Ael, C., Fuster, M.J. y Sanjuán, P. (2013). Measuring dimensions of perceived discrimination in five stigmatized groups. Social Indicators Research, 114, 901-914. doi: 10.1007/s11205-012-0179-5

Oakes, P. J., Haslam, S. A., y Turner, J. C. (1994). Stereotyping and social reality. Oxford, MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Outten, H. R., Schmitt, M. T., Garcia, D. M., y Branscombe, N. R. (2009). Coping options: Missing links between minority group identification and psychological well-being. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58, 146-170. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00386.x

Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., ... y Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a determinant of health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 10(9), e0138511. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138511

Pascoe, E. A., y Richman, L. S. (2009). Perceived discrimination and health: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 135(4), 531–554. doi: 10.1037/a0016059

Petrillo, G., Capone, V., Caso, D., y Keyes, C. L. (2015). The Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC–SF) as a measure of well-being in the Italian context. Social Indicators Research, 121(1), 291-312. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0629-3

Prevert, A., Navarro, O., y Bogalska, E. (2012). La discriminación social desde una perspectiva psicosociológica. Revista de Psicología Universidad de Antioquia, 4(1), 7-20. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/9Lo92U

Quilaqueo, D., Merino, M. E., y Saiz, J. L. (2007). Representación social mapuche e imaginario social no mapuche de la discriminación percibida. Atenea (Concepción): Revista de Ciencias, Artes y Letras, (496), 81-103. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/TdzNvc

Ryan, R. M., y Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 141-166. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141

Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069

Romero, A. J., y Roberts, R. E. (2003). The impact of multiple dimensions of ethnic identity on discrimination and adolescent’s self-esteem. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2288-2305. doi: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2003.tb01885.x

Schmitt, M. T., y Branscombe, N. R. (2002). The meaning and consequences of perceived discrimination in disadvantages and privileged social groups. In W. Stroebe y M. Hewstone (Eds.), European Review of Social Psychology (pp. 167-199). Chichester, USA: Wiley.

Schmitt, M. T., Branscombe, N.R., Postmes, T., y Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(4), 921-948. doi: 10.1037/a0035754

Smith-Castro, V. (2005). Discriminación percibida y autoestima en jóvenes de grupos minoritarios y mayoritarios en Costa Rica. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 39 (1), 93-106. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/oooZGq

Smith-Castro, V. (2010). Experiencias de discriminación social de inmigrantes nicaragüenses en Costa Rica: Reacciones afectivas y atribuciones causales. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 44(2), 373-374. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/tYd7Rc

Smith-Castro, V., Moreno, M., Román, N., Kirschman, D., Acuña, M., y Víquez, S. (2010). Discriminación social, consecuencias psicológicas y estrategias de afrontamiento en miembros de grupos sociales estigmatizados. En I. Dobles y S. Baltodano (Eds.), Dominación, compromiso y transformación social (pp. 83-104). San José: Editorial de la Universidad de Costa Rica.

Smith, T. y Silva, L. (2011). Ethnic identity and personal well-being of people of color: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(1), 42-60. doi: 10.1037/ a0021528

Soberanes, J. (2010). Igualdad, discriminación y tolerancia en México. Revista Mexicana de Derecho Constitucional, 22, 263-264. Disponible en: https://goo.gl/e5DJSR

Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Tajfel, H., y Turner, J. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. In S.

García, F. E., Castillo, B., García, A., & Smith Castro, V. (2017). Psychological Well-Being: Collective Identity and Discrimination in Stigmatized Neighborhoods. Pensando Psicología, 13(22), 41-50. https://doi.org/10.16925/pe.v13i22.1987

Download Citation

As the author of the article, I declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by me, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in this contract.

In this sense, I am committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Pensando Psicología before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, I am committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties.

At the same time, as the author or co-author, I declare that I am completely in agreement with the conditions presented in this work and that I cede all patrimonial rights, in other words, regarding reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.

Issue

Vol. 13 No. 22 (2017)

Published

2017-10-26

Downloads

PDF (Spanish)

HTML (Spanish)

How to Cite

Download Citation

Metrics

File downloads

1,589

https://plu.mx/plum/a/?doi=10.16925/pe.v13i22.1987