Artículos de revisión

Amelogénesis imperfecta

¿un indicio de alteraciones renales?

Vol. 17 Núm. 2 (2021)
Publicado: 07/12/2021
Victor Hugo Simancas Escorcia
Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez
María del Pilar Luján
Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez

Introducción: La Amelogénesis Imperfecta (AI) constituye un grupo heterogéneo de alteraciones que impactan la estructura del esmalte dental de origen genético. Esta patología producto de cambios fisiológicos durante la odontogénesis, modifica la estructura y apariencia clínica del esmalte, otorgándole un aspecto delgado y de menor resistencia. Se ha descrito que la AI puede aparecer de manera aislada o de manera sindrómica.

Propósito: Describir los síndromes que impactan el sistema renal y cursan con amelogénesis imperfecta de acuerdo a la evidencia científica actual.

Método: se realizó una búsqueda electrónica de literatura hasta septiembre de 2019, con los términos Amelogenesis imperfecta, renal AND/OR Amelogenesis Imperfecta y Syndrome AND/OR Amelogenesis Imperfecta.

Resultados: Fueron pre-seleccionando 1660 artículos, de los cuales 52 fueron tenidos en cuenta para esta revisión. Se identificó que el síndrome Amelogénesis imperfecta-Nefrocalcinosis, Síndrome de Raine, Síndrome de Bartter, Acidosis tubular renal distal y la Hipomagnesemia primaria familiar con hipercalciuria y nefrocalcinosis son afecciones renales que cursan concomitantemente con un fenotipo dental.

Conclusión: Esta revisión ha permitido demostrar que las alteraciones del esmalte dental tipo AI constituye un signo de alerta para entidades patológicas que impactan el funcionamiento renal. Se recomienda que los profesionales de la odontología, una establecido el diagnosticado de amelogénesis imperfecta, consideren realizar la remisión de estos pacientes a un servicio de nefrología.

Palabras clave: amelogénesis imperfecta, esmalte dental, proteínas del esmalte dental, genes, síndrome

Cómo citar

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