The effect of discoloration solutions on the color of teeth treated with fixed orthodontics: An in vitro study

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
email: asoto@biteca.com

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia,
email: revista.odontologia@ucc.edu.co

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia,
email: revista.odontologia@ucc.edu.co

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
email: revista.odontologia@ucc.edu.co

Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
email: revista.odontologia@ucc.edu.co
Introduction: this research was conducted in 2013 by the ODONTOPOSTGRADOSUCC group at the Faculty of Dentistry, Bogotá campus, and belongs to the “Therapeutics and biomechanics in orthodontics and orthopedics” line of research. The aim of the research was to evaluate changes in tooth color with three dark beverages, for teeth treated with fixed orthodontics. Methods: in this in-vitro experimental study, 48 human premolars were randomly split into three groups of 16 teeth. After cementing and then de-cementing braces, the teeth were submerged in Coca-Cola®, red wine and coffee for 10 days at 37°C. Color was measured before cementing braces (T1) and after exposure to the substances (T2) with a spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade®), to calculate the difference in color (Δe) between T1 and T2. Paired and Bonferroni t-tests were applied to determine the significance of difference in the parameters L, C, h (p < 0.05). Results: a significant difference was found in L, C, h (p = 0.05). Changes in color were significant: between 79.8 (Coca-Cola®) and 7.5 (coffee) ΔΕ units. Conclusions: teeth presented changes in the color of etched enamel when subjected to dark beverages, with the greatest differences occurring with Coca-Cola® and the smallest with coffee.
García G, Ruiz R, Aristizábal JE, Soto EM, Báez LC. Cambio de color en la superficie dental libre y la cu- bierta por el bracket después del blanqueamiento den- tal. Rev Col Invest Odontol. 2011;1(3):60-7.
Joiner A. Tooth colour: a review of the literature. J Dent. 2004;32(Supl 1):3-12
Baltzer A, Kaufmann-Jinoian V. Die Bestimmung der Zahnfarben [La determinación del color del diente]. Quintessenz Zahntechnik. 2004;30(7):726-40.
Nathoo SA. The chemistry and mechanisms of extrinsic and intrinsic discoloration. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997;128 Suppl.:6s-10s.
Gutiérrez A. Café, antioxidantes y protección a la salud. Medisan. 2002;6(4):72-81.
Gomes de Souza RA, Sichieri R. Consumo de cafeína e de alimentos-fonte de cafeína e prematuridade: um estudo caso-controle. Cad Saúde Pública. 2005;21(6):1919-28.
Spiller MA. The chemical components of coffee. En: Spiller GA. Caffeine. New York: CRC Press Book; 1998. p. 97-161.
Navarro R, Vicente A, Ortiz AJ, Bravo LA. The effects of two soft drinks on bond strength, bracket microleakage, and adhesive remnant on intact and sealed enamel. Eur J Orthod. 2011;33:60-5.
Berger SB, Coelho AS, Oliveira VA, Cavalli V, Giannini M. Enamel susceptibility to red wine staining after 35% hydrogen peroxide bleaching. J Appl Oral Sci. 2008;16(3):201-4.
Ulusoy C, Müjdeci A, Gökay O. The effect of herbal teas on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(4):385-9.
Artun J, Brobakken BO. Prevalence of carious white spots after orthodontic treatment with multibonded appliances. Eur J Orthod. 1986;8(4):229-34.
O’Reilly MM, Featherstone JD. Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances: an in vivo study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1987;92(1):33-40.
Mitchell L. Decalcification during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances: an overview. Br J Orthod. 1992;19(3):199-205.
Zachrisson BU, Brobakken BO. Clinical comparison of direct versus indirect bonding with different bracket types and adhesives. Am J Orthod. 1978;74(1):62-78.
Al Shamsi AH, Cunningham JL, Lamey PJ, Lynch E. Three-dimensional measurement of residual adhesive and enamel loss on teeth after debonding of orthodon- tic brackets: an in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2007;131(3):301.e9-15.
Çörekçi B, Irgin C, Malkoç S, Öztürk B. Effects of staining solutions on the discoloration of orthodontic ad- hesives: An in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(6):741-6.12.
Eliades T, Kakaboura A, Eliades G, Bradley TG. Comparison of enamel colour changes associated with or- thodontic bonding using two different adhesives. Eur J Orthod. 2001;23(1):85-90.
Eliades T, Gioka Ch, Heim M, Eliades G, Makou M. Color stability of orthodontic adhesive resins. Angle Orthod. 2004;74(3):391-3.
Trakyali G, Özdemir FI, Arun T. Enamel colour changes at debonding and after finishing procedures using five different adhesives. Eur J Orthod. 2009;31(4):397-401.
Kim SP, Hwang IN, Cho JH, Hwang HS. Tooth color changes associated with the bracket bonding and debonding. Korean J Orthod. 2006;36:114-24.
Johnston WM, Kao EC. Assessment of appearance match by visual observation and clinical colorimetry. J Dent Res. 1989:68(5):819-22.
Karamouzos A, Athanasiou A, Papadopoulos M, Kolokithas G. Tooth-color assessment after orthodontic treatment: a prospective clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;138(5):537.e1-8
Al Maaitah EF, Abu Omar AA, Al-Khateeb SA. Effect of fixed orthodontic appliances bonded with diffe- rent etching techniques on tooth color: a prospecti- ve clinical study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2013;144(1):43-9.
Paul S, Peter A, Pietrobon N, Hämmerle CH. Visual and spectrophotometric shade analysis of human teeth. J Dent Res. 2002;81(8):578-82.
Joo HJ, Lee YK, Lee DY, Kim YJ, Lim YK. Influence of orthodontic adhesives and clean-up procedures on the stain susceptibility of enamel after debonding. Angle Orthod. 2011;81(2):334-40.
Colourimetry. Official recommendations of the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage. Paris: Commis- sion Internationale de l’Eclairage; 1978. Suppl 21:15-30.
Stober T, Gilde H, Lenz P. Color stability of highly filled composite resin materials for facings. Dent Mater. 2001;17(1):87-94.
Özer T, Başaran G, Kama JD. Surface roughness of the restored enamel after orthodontic treatment. Am J Or- thod Dentofacial Orthop. 2010;137(3):368-74.
Fujita M, Kawakami S, Noda M, Sano H. Color change of newly developed esthetic restorative material immersed in food-simulating solutions. Dent Mater J. 2006;25(2):352-9.
Azer SS, Hague AL, Johnston WM. Effect of pH on tooth discoloration from food colorant in vitro. J Dent. 2010;38 Suppl 2:e106-9.
Dinçer B, Hazar S, Sen BH. Scanning electron microscope study of the effects of soft drinks on etched and sealed enamel. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002;122(2):135-41.
Wriedt S, Schepke U, Wehrbein H. The discoloring effects of food on the color stability of esthetic brackets: an in-vitro study. J Orofac Orthop. 2007;68(4):308-20.
Arévalo Pineda M, Larrucea Verdugo C. Recidiva del color dentario por té, café y vino. In vitro. Rev Clin Periodoncia Implantol Rehabil Oral. 2012;5(2):57-65.
Every single author of the articles has to declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by them, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in the contract.
In this sense, the authors committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Revista Nacional de Odontologia before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, the authors committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties.
At the same time, the authors have to declare that they are completely in agreement with the conditions presented in their work and that they cede all patrimonial rights. These rights involve reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.