Heritability of the Components of the Cephalometric Measurements odi, apdi, and Mcnamara Triangle In Patients With Class II And Class III Skeletal Malocclusion, Attending The Dental Clinic of the Cooperative University of Colombia
Malocclusion is a pathological entity associated with abnormalities in craniofacial growth and development in which genetic and environmental factors are involved. The role of heritability has been widely investigated in craniometric and cephalometric studies of facial similarities, where it has been shown that the facial shape is the result of the genotype of the person, that is why, the facial appearance presents a familial hereditary tendency.
Objective: To determine the heritability of the components of the composite cephalometric measurements: ODI and APDI and McNamara's Triangle in patients with class II and class III of skeletal malocclusion, who went to the Orthodontic clinic of the UCC-Campus Pasto.
Methodology: A quantitative, observational and descriptive cross-sectional approach is developed by using a total sample of 60 pairs of siblings. The percentage of heritability is obtained by using the Haseman Elston linear regression test, where a value higher than 80% is considered highly heritable and values of P <0.05 are considered significant.
Results: The components that presented the highest heritability were: the cephalometric measurement shared between the ODI and APDI components, the Plano de Frankfort-Plano Palatino angle, with a 100%, and the linear measurement Condilion-Gnation, with a 98%.
Conclusions: Mandibular size is influenced by highly heritable factors, but the mandibular position, represented by Facial Plane - Frankfort Plane and ENA-Me, has low heritability, it means that is highly adaptable. Cephalometric measurements such as Plane-Facial Plane-AB and Plane-Mandibular Plane-AB, are the result of a relationship between the maxillary and the mandible, presenting a low heritability, which suggests that they are influenced by external factors inherent to each person.
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