Risk Factors Associated with Periodontal Disease in Pregnant Women
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
MSc
email: ximena.ceron@campusucc.edu.co
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Esp.
email: ximena.ceron@campusucc.edu.co
Periodontal disease has been associated to a vast number of risk factors and may be in turn considered as a risk factor for the development of some pathological events, such as premature birth, low weight at birth and pre-eclampsia. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial clinical entity in which inflammatory mechanisms that are also present in adverse conditions for pregnancy are involved. The literature confirms these findings and has oriented research towards cellular and molecular bases in search of a precise explanation that may allow for preemptive measures with great impact. This bibliographical review considered information starting in the year 2000, including reviews and experimental studies concerning the cellular mechanisms that explain possible alterations in periodontal tissue during pregnancy that may unchain consequences as premature birth, pre-eclampsia and low weight at birth.
Giglio JA, Lanni SM, Laskin DM, Giglio NW. Oral health care for the pregnant patient. Todays fda; 2011; 23(5): 47-53.
Amar S, Chung KM. Influence of hormonal variation on the periodontium in women. Periodontol 2000; 1994; 6: 79-87.
Maier AW, Orban B. Gingivitis in pregnancy. Oral Surg. 1949; 2: 334-73.
Katz J, Chegini N, Shiverick KT, and Lamont RJ. Localization of P. gingivalis in Preterm delivery Placenta. J Dent Res. 2009; 88: 575.
Cadden KA, Walsh SW. Neutrophils, but not lymphocytes or monocytes, infiltrate maternal systemic
vasculature in women with preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2008; 27(4): 396-405.
Otenio CC, Fonseca I, Martins MF, Ribeiro LC, Assis NM, Ferreira AP et al. Expression of IL-1β, IL-6, tnf-α, and iNOS in pregnant women with periodontal disease. Genet Mol Res. 2012; 11(4): 4468-78.
Heimonen A, Rintamäki H, Furuholm J, Janket SJ, Kaaja R, Meurman JH. Postpartum oral health parameters in women with preterm birth. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008; 66(6): 334-41.
Calabrese N, Calabrese A, Nibali L, Rosati A, Fiengo S, Di Renzo GC. Is there any association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010; 23(11): 1288-93.
Piscoya MD, Ximenes RA, Silva GM, Jamelli SR, Coutinho SB. Periodontitis-associated risk factors in pregnant women. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012; 67(1): 27-33.
Patcas R, Schmidlin PR, Zimmermann R, Gnoinski W. Dental care in pregnancy. Ten questions and answers. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2012; 122(9): 729-39.
Reis DM, Pitta DR, Ferreira HM, de Jesús MC, de Moraes ME, Soares MG. Health education as a strategy for the promotion of oral health in the pregnancy period. Cien Saude Colet. 2010; 15(1): 269-76.
Mealey BL, Moritz AJ. Hormonal influences: effects of diabetes mellitus and endogenous female sex steroid hormones on the periodontium. Periodontol 2000. 2003; 32: 59-81.
Krejci CB, Bissada NF. Women’s health issues and their relationship to periodontitis. J Am Dent Assoc. 2002; 133(3): 323-9.
Sayar F, Sadat MH, Abbaspour S. Effect of Periodontal Disease on Preeclampsia. Iran J Public Health. 2011; 40 (3): 122-7.
Shub A, Swain JR, Newnham JP. Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2006; 19(9): 521-8.
Saini R, Saini S, Saini SR. Periodontitis: A risk for delivery of premature labor and low birth weight infants. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2011; 2(1): 50-2.
Agueda A, Echeverría A, Manau C. Association between periodontitis in pregnancy and preterm or low birth weight: Review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2008; 13(9): E609-15.
Kinane D. Periodontitis Modified by Systemic Factors. Ann Periodontol. 1999; 4(1): 54-64.
Weidlich P, Cimões R, Pannuti CM, Oppermann RV. Association between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases. Braz Oral Res. 2008; 22 Suppl. 1: 32-43.
Abraham Inpijn L, Polsacheva OV, Raber Durlacher JE. The significance of endocrine factors and microorganisms in the development of gingivitis in pregnant women. Stomatologiia (Mosk). 1996; 75(3): 15-8.
Moore S, I de M, Wilson RF, Coward PY, Borkowska E, Baylis R, Bewley S, Maxwell DJ, Mulhair L, Ashley FP. Periodontal health of London women during early pregnancy. Br Dent J. Nov 2001; 191(10): 570-3.
Loe H, Silness J. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. I. Prevalence and severity. Acta Odontol Scand. 1963; 21: 533-51.
Silness J, Loe H. Periodontal disease in pregnancy. II. Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition. Acta Odontol Scand. 1964; 22: 121-35.
Ringsdorf WM Jr, Flatland RF, Lindsey KG, Cheraskin E. Clinical tooth mobility and pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1961; 17: 434-8.
Diaz LM, Castellanos JL. Lesions of the oral mucosa and periodontal disease behavior in pregnant patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. Nov-Dic 2004; 9(5): 434-7; 430-3.
Morgan MA, Crall J, Goldenberg RL, Schulkin J. Oral health during pregnancy. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. Sep 2009; 22(9): 733-9.
Machado FC, Evangelista CD, Assis DA, Diniz CG, Ribeiro R. Detection and enumeration of periodontopathogenic bacteria in subgingival biofilm of pregnant women. Braz Oral Res. 2012; 26(5): 443-9.
Wandera M, Astrom NA, Okullo I, Tumwine J. Determinants of periodontal health in pregnant women and association with infants’ anthropometric status: a prospective cohort study from Eastern Uganda. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2012; 12: 90.
Vogt M, Sallum AW, Cecatti JG, Morais S. Factors associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease in low-risk pregnant women. Reprod Health. 2012; 9: 3.
Organización Mundial de la Salud. Nomen- clatzrre Regulations, Official Records n.° 13, Ginebra, 1948; 349-52.
Ramchandani M, Siddiqui M, Kanwar R, Lakha M, Phi L, Giacomelli L et al. Proteomicsignature of periodontal disease in pregnancy: Predictive validity for adverse outcomes. Bioinformation. 2011 Jan; 6; 5(7): 300-3.
Holbrook WP, Oskarsdóttir A, Fridjónsson T, Einarsson H, Hauksson A, Geirsson RT. No link between lowgrade periodontal disease and preterm birth: a pilot study in a healthy Caucasian population. Acta Odontol Scand. 2004 Jun; 62(3): 177-9.
Mitchell-Lewis D, Engebretson SP, Chen J, Lamster IB, Papapanou PN. Periodontal infections and pre-term birth: early findings from a cohort of young minority women in New York. Eur J Oral Sci. Feb 2001; 109(1): 34-9.
Sadatmansouri S, Sedighpoor, Aghaloo. Effects of periodontal treatment phase I on birth term and birth weight. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. Mar 2006; 24(1): 23-6.
Ademuyiwa O, Odusoga OL, Adebawo OO, Ugbaja RN. Endogenous antioxidant defenses in plasma and erythrocytes of pregnant women during different trimesters of pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. Jul 2007; 2: 1-6.
Michalowicz BS, DiAngelis AJ, Novak MJ, Buchanan W, Papapanou PN, Mitchell DA et al. Examining the safety of dental treatment in pregnant women. J Am Dent Assoc. Jun 2008; 139(6): 685-95.
Jafarzadeh H, Sanatkhani M, Mohtasham N. Oral pyogenic granuloma: a review. J Oral Sci. Dic 2006; 48(4): 167-75.
Luc E, Coulibaly N, Demoersman J, Boutigny H, Soueidan A. Dental care during pregnancy. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 2012; 122(11): 1047-63.
Effiom OA, Adeyemo WL, Soyele OO. Focal Reactive lesions of the Gingiva: An Analysis of 314 cases at a tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria. Niger Med J. Ene 2011; 52(1): 35-40.
Mannem S, Chava VK. The relationship between maternal periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: A case-control study. Contemp Clin Dent. Abr 2011; 2(2): 88-93.
Sant’Ana AC, Campos MR, Passanezi SC, Rezende ML, Greghi SL, Passanezi E. Periodontal treatment during pregnancy decreases the rate of adverse pregnancy outcome: a controlled clinical trial. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011 Apr; 19(2): 130-6.
Shanthi V, Vanka A, Bhambal A, Saxena V, Saxena S, Kumar S. Association of pregnant women periodontal status to preterm and low-birth weight babies: A systematic and evidence-based review. Dent Res J. 2012; 9(4): 368-80.
Sharma A, Ramesh A, Thomas B. Evaluation of plasma C-reactive protein levels in pregnant women with and without periodontal disease: A comparative study. J Indian Soc Periodontol. Sep 2009; 13(3): 145-9.
Pitiphat W, Joshipura KJ, Rich-Edwards JW, Williams PL, Douglass CW, Gillman MW. Periodontitis and Plasma C-Reactive Protein during Pregnancy. J Periodontol. May 2006; 77(5): 821-5.
Souccar NM, Chakhtoura M, Ghafari JG, Abdelnoor AM. Porphyromonas gingivalis in dental plaque and serum C-reactive protein levels in pregnancy. J Infect Dev Ctries. Jun 2010; 30; 4(6): 362-6.
Lin D, Smith MA, Champagne C, Elter J, Beck J, Offenbacher S. Porphyromonasgingivalis infection during pregnancy increases maternal tumor necrosis factor alpha, suppresses maternal interleukin-10, and enhances fetal growth restriction and resorption in mice. Infect Immun. Sep 2003; 71(9): 5156-62.
Versen-Hoeynck FM, Hubel CA, Gallaher MJ, Gammill S, Powers R. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers neopterin, sialic acid and c-reactive protein in pregnancy and preeclampsia. Am J Hypertens. Jun 2009; 22(6): 687-92.
Shira Davenport E. Preterm low birthweight and the role of oral bacteria. J Oral Microbiol. Dic 2010; 21: 2.
Rawlinson WD, Hall B, Jones CA, Jeffery HE, Arbuckle SM, Graf N et al. Viruses and other infections in stillbirth: what is the evidence and what should we be doing? Pathology. Feb 2008; 40(2): 149-60.
Cudihy D, Lee RV. The pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia: Current clinical concepts. J Obstet Gynaecol. Oct 2009; 29(7): 576-82.
Babalola DA, Omole F. Periodontal Disease and Pregnancy Outcomes. J Pregnancy. 2010; 2010: doi: 10.1155/2010/293439.
Every single author of the articles has to declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by them, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in the contract.
In this sense, the authors committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Revista Nacional de Odontologia before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, the authors committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties.
At the same time, the authors have to declare that they are completely in agreement with the conditions presented in their work and that they cede all patrimonial rights. These rights involve reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.
Most read articles by the same author(s)
- Ximena Andrea Cerón Bastidas, Quality of Life and its Relationship to Oral Health among the Elderly , Revista Nacional de Odontología: Vol. 10 No. 19 (2014)
