Pattern of dental caries in 3-5 year old children in a children’s day care center
Medellín, Colombia
Introduction: Dental caries in preschool children, a pending health challenge, requires greater efforts to recognize the problem and to design intervention strategies. The purpose of this study was to identify experience and pattern distribution of dental caries lesions in children who attend a kindergarten in the city.
Materials and methods: A calibrated dentist examined 177 children 3-to 5- year-old, using ICDAS criteria. Caries experience (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (ECC-S) was calculated; the indexes d5-6ICDASmft, d5-6ICDASmfs, d1-6ICDASmft, d1-6ICDASmfs; as well as the percentages of affected teeth and individual surfaces and by homologous teeth.
Results: A 61% had ECC and 48% ECC-S with 95% CI (53.5; 68.5 and 40.4; 55.7) respectively. The d1-6 ICDASmft index was 3.3 ± 4.9 in 3-year-old children and 5.3 ± 4.8 in 5-year-old. Primary molars showed greater dental caries experience (32.8% to 45.2%), especially in occlusal (25.3% to 33.3%). The least affected teeth were the lower anterior (1.7% to 2.8%). The caries experience in homologous teeth showed statistically significant differences between the occlusal surfaces and the other surfaces in molars. In the incisors and canines, the buccal surface showed greater caries experience.
Conclusion: Dental caries affects the majority of children who attend an institution in Medellín, with a distribution of lesions similar to other studies; It is necessary to continue working to implement strategies for detection and timely control of the disease, according to the pattern found.
How to Cite
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Revista Nacional de Odontología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Every single author of the articles has to declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by them, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in the contract.
In this sense, the authors committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Revista Nacional de Odontologia before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, the authors committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties.
At the same time, the authors have to declare that they are completely in agreement with the conditions presented in their work and that they cede all patrimonial rights. These rights involve reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.
(1) Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. IV Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal-ENSAB IV. Bogotá: 2013-2014. Recuperado en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/ENSAB-IV-Situacion-Bucal-Actual.pdf. Acceso Ene 2020
(2) Pitts N, Baez R, Diaz-Guallory C, Donly KJ, Feldens CA, McGrath C, et al. Early Childhood Caries: IAPD Bangkok Declaration. Int J Paediatr Dent 2019; 29: 384-6. doi: 10.1111/ipd.12490
(3) World Health Organization. Ending childhood dental caries: WHO implementation manual. 2019. Recuperado en: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330643.
(4) American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on Early Childhood Caries (ECC): Classifications, Consequences and Preventive Strategies. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. 2019-2020. p. 74-75.
(5) Nyvad B, Fejerskov O. The caries control concept. In: Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E. Dental caries. The disease and its clinical management, (eds); 3rd ed. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell; 2015. p. 235-243
(6) Machiulskiene V, Campus G, Carvalho JC, Dige I, Ekstrand KR, Jablonski-Momeni A, et al. Terminology of Dental Caries and Dental Caries Management: Consensus Report of a Workshop Organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR. Caries Res. 2020; 54: 7-14. doi: 10.1159/000503309
(7) Kidd E, Fejerskov O. Essentials of dental caries. 4th ed, Oxford University Press 2016. 196p
(8) Bruzda-Zwiech A, Filipińska R, Borowska-Strugińska B, Żądzińska E, Wochna-Sobańska M. Caries experience and distribution by tooth surfaces in primary molars in the pre-school Child Population of Lodz, Poland. Oral Health Prev Dent 2015; 13: 557-66. doi: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a34371
(9) Elfrink ME, Veerkamp JS, Kalsbeek H. Caries pattern in primary molars in Dutch 5-year-old children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006;7: 236-40. doi:10.1007/BF03262558
(10) Ferro R, Besostri A, Olivieri A. Caries prevalence and tooth surface distribution in a group of 5-year-old Italian children Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009; 10(1): 33-7. doi: 10.1007/BF03262665
(11) Vanobbergen J, Lesaffre E, García-Zattera MJ, Jara A, Martens L, Declerck D. Caries Patterns in Primary Dentition in 3-5- and 7-Year-Old Children: Spatial Correlation and Preventive Consequences. Caries Res. 2007; 41(1): 16-25. doi: 10.1159/00009610
(12) Gizani S, Vinckier F, Declerck D. Caries pattern and oral health habits in 2- to 6-year-old children exhibiting differing levels of caries. Clin Oral Investig. 1999; 3: 35-40. doi:10.1007/s007840050076
(13) Escobar-Paucar GM, Ramírez-Puerta BS, Álvarez-Sánchez LG. Caries patterns in primary dentition in 3- to 5-year-old children. Medellín, Colombia. Rev Fac Odontol Univ Antioq. 2019; 31(1-2): 46-55. doi: 10.17533/udea.rfo.v31n1-2a4
(14) Pitts N, Ismail AI, Martignon S, Ekstrand K, Douglas G, Longbottom C. ICCMS™ Guide for Practitioners and Educators. International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMSTM). Implementation Workshop held June 2013. King’s College London, 2014. Recuperado en: https://www.iccms-web.com/uploads/asset/5928471279874094808086.pdf
(15) Pitts NB. How the detection, assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of caries integrate with personalized caries management. In: Pitts NB (ed) Detection, assessment, diagnosis and monitoring of caries. Monographs in oral science. 21. Karger Switzerland; 2009, p. 1-14.
(16) World Health Organization. Oral health surveys: Basic methods - 5th ed. Printed in France: Présence Graphique-Monts; 2013. 125 p.
(17) Cortes A, Ekstrand KR, Gamboa LF, González L, Martignon S. Caries status in young Colombian children expressed by the ICCMS™ visual/radiographic combined caries staging system. Acta Odontol Scand.2017; 75(1): 12-20. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2016
(18) Sowole A, Sote E, Folayan M. Dental caries pattern and predisposing oral hygiene related factors in Nigerian preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007; 8(4): 206-10. Doi: 10.1007/BF03262598
(19) Psoter WJ, Morse DE, Pendrys DG, Zhang H, Mayne ST. Historical evolution of primary dentition caries pattern definitions. Pediatric Dentistry. 2004; 26(6): 508-11
(20) Loyer-Chu L. California Childcare Health Program, Berkeley, 2007. Recuperado en: https://cchp.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra181/f/Oral_Health_SP_0608.pdf
(21) Frazão, P. Effectiveness of the bucco-lingual technique within a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health; 2011; 11(1):11. doi: 10.1186/1472-6831-11-11
