• Review Article

    Li-fi

    Vol. 17 No. 2 (2021)
    Published: 2021-05-05

    current state, progress and forward projection

    David Andres Rodríguez Erazo
    Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
    Miguel Ángel Leguizamon Paez
    Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
    Geral Alexander Torres Guzmán
    Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas

    Problem: The increase in wireless devices connected to the internet, saturation of the electromagnetic spectrum used by wireless technologies based on current radio frequencies (Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, ZigBee, among others), new requirements for bandwidth, speeds and energy efficiency for the new generations of telecommunications are the cause of the birth of Li-Fi as an alternative and / or complementary technology of wireless telecommunication that is based on the visible light spectrum.

    Objective: The objective of this research is to expose the development of Li-Fi technology in the field of telecommunications, covering it in three main aspects such as the current state of technology, recent advances, and future projections.

    Methodology: Different types of bibliographic sources were used, including research and opinion articles, marketing studies, forums, books, conferences, among others with a publication date of 2012 onwards (some exceptions are found in the references); taking as selection criteria title, authors, date of publication, abstract, results and / or conclusions in relation to the research guidelines (Current Status, Advances and Future Projection of Li-Fi technology)

    Conclusion: The literature review article manages to highlight the importance of Li-Fi in the new generations of telecommunications of the future and its complementarity with current networks, optimally contextualizing the technology, exposing its advantages and recent advances in technical and commercial aspects as well like its disadvantages and points. weaknesses that should be addressed in the development of this technology in the future

     

    Keywords: LED, Li-Fi, Wi-Fi, internet of things, internet of everything, optical wireless comunication, wireless networks, visible light communication

    How to Cite

    [1]
    D. A. Rodríguez Erazo and G. A. Torres Guzmán, “Li-fi: current state, progress and forward projection”, ing. Solidar, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 1–30, May 2021, doi: 10.16925/2357-6014.2021.02.04.

    R. D. Roberts, S. Rajagopal, and S. K. Lim, “IEEE 802.15.7 physical layer summary,” in 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops, GC Wkshps 2011, 2011, pp. 772–776, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/GLOCOMW.2011.6162558.

    L. U. Khan, “Visible light communication: Applications, architecture, standardization and research challenges,” Digit. Commun. Networks, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 78–88, May 01, 2017, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1016/j.dcan.2016.07.004.

    S. Nivetha, G. A. Preethi, and C. Chandrasekar, “Performance Evaluation of Modulation Techniques in Li-Fi,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., no. 3, pp. 1509–1518, 2019, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.35940/ijrte.C4203.098319.

    E. Ramadhani and G. P. Mahardika, “The Technology of LiFi: A Brief Introduction,” in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Mar. 2018, vol. 325, no. 1, pp. 1–7, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1088/1757-899X/325/1/012013.

    W. A. Imtiaz and R. Roka, Design, implementation, and analysis of next generation opti-cal networks : emerging research and opportunities, pp. 75-76 2019, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.4018/978-1-5225-9767-4.

    H. Haas, “Li-Fi Technical Tutorial ‘Li-Fi modulation and networked Li-Fi attocell con-cept,’” pp. 1–65, 2013, [Online]. Available: http://www.lifi-centre.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/131223_Li-Fi_tutorial.pdf.

    C. Jurczak, “LiFi: Enlightening Communications,” pp. 1–15, 2017, doi: https://www.doi.org /arXiv:1802.01471v1.

    Cisco, “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data,” pp. 1-39, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/m/en_in/innovation/enterprise/assets/mobile-white-pa-per-c11-520862.pdf.

    R. Velasco, “Aplicaciones para monitorizar los equipos de una red en PC, Android o iOS,” 2018, p. 1. https://www.redeszone.net/2018/11/18/apps-monitorizar-red-pc-android-ios/ (accessed Mar. 02, 2020).

    A. Sarkar, S. Agarwal, and A. Nath, “Li - Fi Technology : Data Transmission through Visible Light,” Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Sci. Manag. Stud., vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 1–12, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Asoke_Nath/publication/279530585_Li-Fi_Technology_Data_Transmission_through_Visible_Light/links/559560a608ae21086d206514/Li-Fi-Technology-Data-Transmission-through-Visible-Light.pdf.

    H. Hass and M. Sufyan, “Modulation Techniques for Li-Fi,” vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 29–40, 2016, [Online]. Available: https://res-www.zte.com.cn/mediares/magazine/publication/com_en/article/201602/458048/P020160512435234985272.pdf.

    Xakata, “El protocolo WPA2 ha sido hackeado: la seguridad de las redes WiFi queda com-prometi,” p.1, 2017. https://www.xataka.com/seguridad/el-protocolo-wpa2-ha-sido-vulnera-do-la-seguridad-de-todas-las-redes-wifi-queda-comprometida.

    G. Blinowski, “Security issues in visible light communication systems,” in IFAC-PapersOnLine, 2015, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 235–239, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.039.

    A. Hohendahl, “Interferencia entre Símbolos en Comunicaciones Digitales I.S.I. (Inter Symbol Interference),” 2014. [Online]. Available: http://web.fi.uba.ar/~ahohenda/docs/ISI_Hohendahl2014.pdf.

    A. Gomez et al., “Beyond 100-Gb/s indoor wide field-of-view optical wireless communica-tions,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 367–370, 2015, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/LPT.2014.2374995.

    L. Grobe et al., “High-speed visible light communication systems,” IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 51, no. 12, pp. 60–66, 2013, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/MCOM.2013.6685758.

    D. Tsonev, S. Videv, and H. Haas, “Towards a 100 Gb/s visible light wireless access network,” Opt. Express, vol. 23, no. 2, p. 1627, 2015, doi: 10.1364/oe.23.001627.

    S. M. Mana et al., “LiFi Experiments in a Hospital,” 2020 Opt. Fiber Commun. Conf. Exhib. OFC 2020 - Proc., no. March, pp. 3–6, 2020, doi: 10.1364/ofc.2020.m3i.2.

    PureLifi, “O2 Telefonica is ready with LiFi for 5G and beyond,” 2019, p. 1. https://purelifi.com/case-study/o2-telefonica-is-ready-with-lifi-for-5g-and-beyond/.

    PureLifi, “Kyle Academy becomes one of the first schools to offer disruptive technolo-gy, LiFi to their students in the classroom,” 2019, p. 1. https://purelifi.com/case-study/lifi-in-a-classroom/.

    PureLifi, “Babcock is pioneering leading edge engineering services using LiFi.,” 2019, p. 1. https://purelifi.com/case-study/babcock-powered-by-purelifi/.

    PureLifi, “LiFi in the healthcare sector,” 2019, p. 1. https://purelifi.com/case-study/lifi-in -the-healthcare-sector/.

    Signify, “Signify lanza Trulifi: los sistemas comerciales LiFi de alta velocidad más confia-bles del mundo,” 2019, p. 1. https://www.signify.com/es-co/our-company/news/press -releases/2019/20190625-signify-launches-trulifi

    Sector de radiocomunicaciones de la UIT, “Luz visible para las comunicaciones de banda an-cha,” pp. 1-20, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-SM.2422-2018-PDF-S.pdf.

    M. Ayyash et al., “Coexistence of WiFi and LiFi towards 5G,” pp. 1–13, 2015, doi: https://doi.org /10.1109/MCOM.2016.7402263.

    Lvx Systems, “LVX Information Page,” p. 1. http://www.lvx-system.com/service.php.

    E. W. Lam and T. D. C. Little, “Indoor 3D Localization with Low-Cost LiFi Components,” 2019 Glob. LIFI Congr. GLC 2019, p. 14, 2019, doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1109/GLC.2019.8864119.

    Signify, “Latécoère, Signify and Huneed Technologies announce strategic partnership on LiFi in commercial airplanes,” 2019, pp. 1–3. https://www.assets.signify.com/is/content/PhilipsLighting /Assets/signify/global/news/2019/20191028-latecoere-signify-and-hu-need-technologies-announce-strategic-partnership-on-lifi-in-commercial-airplanes.pdf.

    Sydney International Exhibition Centre, “AusRail Sydney International Exhibition Centre,” AusRail Sydney International Exhibition Centre, 2019, p. 1. http://www.xinhuanet.com/engli-sh/2019-12/04/c_138604527.htm

    ASIA TIMES STAFF, “Subway cars of the future have window screens and Li-Fi - Asia Times,” Sep. 11, 2018, p. 1. https://asiatimes.com/2018/09/subway-cars-of-the-future -have-window-screens-and-li-fi/

    W. Ma, L. Zhang, and Y. Jiang, “Optimized joint LiFi coordinated multipoint joint transmission clustering and load balancing for hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks,” J. Opt. Commun. Netw., vol. 12, no. 8, p. 227, Aug. 2020, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1364/JOCN.388264.

    X. Wu, M. D. Soltani, S. Member, L. Zhou, and M. Safari, “Hybrid LiFi and WiFi Networks : A Survey,” no. January, p. 25, 2020.[33] X. Wu and D. C. O’Brien, “Parallel Transmission LiFi,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., pp. 1–10, 2020, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/twc.2020.3001983.

    H. Babar, L. Carson, and Y. C. Patrick, “OSA | Li-Fi based Secure Programmable QR Code (LiQR),” JSAP-OSA Jt. Symp. 2017 Abstr. (Optical Soc. Am. 2017), Pap. 6p_A409_6., p. 1, Sep. 2017, Accessed: Jul. 27, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.osapublishing.org /abstract.cfm?uri=JSAP-2017-6p_A409_6.

    M. Jatau, M. David, and S. Zubair, “LiFi: The Solution to Radio Frequency Saturation,” in 2020 International Conference in Mathematics, Computer Engineering and Computer Science (ICMCECS), Mar. 2020, no. Vlc, pp. 1–6, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/ICMCECS47690.2020.240880.

    A. Lopez Victoria and B. Ortega Tamarit, “Desarrollo de una herramienta software para re-des de comunicaciones e iluminación en interiores basada en tecnología VLC,” pp. 1–62, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://riunet.upv.es/bitstream/handle/10251/124615/López - Desarrollo de una herramienta software para el diseño de una red de comunicaciones e ilum....pdf?sequence=1.

    Sociedad Colombiana de arquitectos, “Luz conectada: el desarrollo que revolucionará la for-ma de interactuar con la iluminación en Colombia – Sociedad Colombiana de Arquitectos,” Jul. 10, 2019, p. 1. https://sociedadcolombianadearquitectos.org /luz-conectada-el-desarro-llo-que-revolucionara-la-forma-de-interactuar-con-la-iluminacion-en-colombia/

    El Eco, “Ofrecen en Argentina LiFi, internet a través de la luz: más veloz y estable que el Wi-Fi – El Eco,” Feb. 18, 2020, p. 1. https://www.eleco.com.ar/interes-general/ofrecen-en-argenti-na-lifi-internet-a-traves-de-la-luz-mas-veloz-y-estable-que-el-wi-fi/ (accessed Oct. 10, 2020).

    V. N. T. Rosero, “Análisis y estudio del uso de la tecnología Li-Fi en sistemas de reproduc-ción multimedia mediante streaming para la utilización a mediano plazo en el Ecuador,” Universidad Católica De Santiago De Guayaquil , Guayaquil, pp. 87, 2018, Accessed: Oct. 09, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://repositorio.ucsg.edu.ec/handle/3317/10223.

    J. E. A. Aguilar and V. A. L. Lema, “DISEÑO DE UNA RED LI-FI PARA EL BLOQUE 4 DE LA SEDE QUERI,” Universidad de las Américas, Quito, pp. 1-87, 2017, Accessed: Oct. 09, 2020. [Online]. Available: http://dspace.udla.edu.ec/handle/33000/7938.

    C. A. R. Yoque, “Tecnología Li-Fi, Seguridad E Innovación En El Hogar,” Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, pp. 1-112, 2016, [Online]. Available: http://www.repositorio.usac.edu.gt/5869/1/Carlos Abraham Yoque Rodríguez.pdf.

    L. M. Cerino, “La tecnología Li-Fi en las comunicaciones de Argentina,” 2017. Accessed: Oct. 09, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://rdu.iua.edu.ar/handle/123456789/379.

    L. R. Bueno, C. A. Bietti, and E. E. Sicre, “Servicios basados en informacion geoposicionada mediante la utilizacion de tecnología li-fi,” Universidad Argentina De La Empresa, Buenos Aires, pp. 1-252, 2017, Accessed: Oct. 09, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://repositorio.uade.edu.ar/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/6479/PFI - Leandro Bueno - Entrega Final.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y.

    L. Pautasio, “¿Cuánto falta para hacer realidad la conexión a Internet a través de la luz? – TeleSemana.com,” TeleSemana, 2019, p. 1. https://www.telesemana.com/blog/2019/01/14/cuanto-falta-para-hacer-realidad-la-conexion-a-internet-a-traves-de-la-luz/

    G. J. Garcia, “‘LiFi’: el internet a la velocidad de la luz no se enciende | Innovación | EL PAÍS Retina,” Retina - El Pais, Nov. 17, 2019, p. 1. https://retina.elpais.com/retina/2019/11/15/inno-vacion/1573807880_040011.html

    C. Bao et al., “High Performance and Stable All-Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite-Based Photodetectors for Optical Communication Applications,” Adv. Mater., vol. 30, no. 38, pp. 1–26, 2018, doi: https://www.doi.org/10.1002/adma.201803422.

    S. Schmid, T. Richner, S. Mangold, and T. R. Gross, “EnLighting: An indoor visible light com-munication system based on networked light bulbs,” in 2016 13th Annual IEEE International Conference on Sensing, Communication, and Networking, SECON 2016, Nov. 2016, p. 1, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1109/SAHCN.2016.7732989.

    M. Z. Chowdhury, M. Shahjalal, M. K. Hasan, and Y. M. Jang, “The role of optical wireless com-munication technologies in 5G/6G and IoT solutions: Prospects, directions, and challenges,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 20, pp. 1–20, 2019, doi: 10.3390/app9204367.

    R. Serrano, “Cuánto falta para que sea una realidad Li-Fi | | Iluminet revista de iluminación,” Iluminet, 2019, p. 1. https://www.iluminet.com/una-realidad-li-fi/

    Getac, “Getac - Getac anuncia una colaboración con pureLiFi para lanzar al mercado dispo-sitivos LiFi robustos,” Getac News, Oct. 29, 2019, p. 1. https://www.getac.com/latam/news/getac-anuncia-una-colaboracion-con-purelifi-para-lanzar-al-mercado-dispositivos-lifi-ro-bustos/

    REDESTELECOM, “La unión hace la fuerza: LiFi y 5G | Noticias | Mercado | Redes&Telecom,” Redestelecom News, Oct. 03, 2019, p. 1. https://www.redestelecom.es/mercado/noticias/ 1114463032603/union-fuerza-lifi-y-5g.1.html

    Chen. Yining, “Vodafone Partners Signify to Combine 5G and LiFi - LEDinside,” LEDInside, Oct. 02, 2019, p. 1. https://www.ledinside.com/news/2019/10/vodafone_signify_combine_5g_lifi

    Kenneth Research, “Li-Fi Market Industry Players, Revenue And Product Demand Till 2018-2023 - America News Hour,” Global-Li-Fi--Market Kenneth Research, Sep. 12, 2019, p. 1. ht-tps://www.americanewshour.com/2019/09/12/li-fi-market-industry-players-revenue -and-product-demand-till-2018-2023/46630/

    Smartlighting, “Avances en la estandarización de la tecnología LiFi - Smart Lighting,” Smartlighting, 2018, p. 1. https://smart-lighting.es/avances-la-estandarizacion-la-tecnologia -lifi/

    P. Nikola Serafimovski et al., “Light Communications for Wireless Local Area Networking - IEEE Future Networks,” IEEE 5G Tech Focus: Volume 2, Number 2, May 2018, p. 1. https://futurenetwor-ks.ieee.org /tech-focus/may-2018/light-communications-for-wireless-local-area-networking

    R. Arellano García, “LiFi: El futuro de las comunicaciones VLC,” pp. 1–72, 2019, Accessed: Sep. 05, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://openaccess.uoc.edu/webapps/o2/bitstream/ 10609/95748/7/rarellanoTFG0619memoria.pdf.

    El Tiempo, “Así funciona LiFi, usa la iluminación para conectarse a internet,” Bogotá, p. 1, May 21, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://www.eltiempo.com/contenido-comercial/asi-funciona-lifi-la-tecnologia-que-usa-la-iluminacion-para-conectarse-a-internet-364216.

    J. H. Rodríguez, “LiFi, una alternativa en plena evolución,” Computerworld Colombia, 2019, p. 1. https://computerworld.co/lifi-una-alternativa-en-plena-evolucion/.

    L. C. Rodriguez and O. A. Guevara Penagos, “Alcances del desarrollo de la nueva tecnologia li-fi para las telecomunicaciones en Colombia,” Universidad Católica De Colombia, pp. 2-67, 2014, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.4324/9781315853178.

    S. C. Barragan, F. G. Guerrero, U. Valle, and U. Valle, “Design and Implementation of A Visible Light-Based Communications System,” Ing. Solidar., vol. 15, no. 28, pp. 1–20, 2019, doi: ht-tps://doi.org /10.16925/2357-6014.2019.02.03.

    H. Eduardo Díaz Rodríguez, “Tecnologías de la información y comunicación y crecimien-to económico,” Econ. Inf., vol. 405, pp. 30–45, 2017, doi: https://www.doi.org /10.1016/j.ecin.2017.07.002.

    MÉTRICAS
    ARTICLE VIEWS: 491
    PDF VIEWS: 1126
    Metrics
    Metrics Loading ...
    https://plu.mx/plum/a/?doi=10.16925/2357-6014.2021.02.04