Síndrome de burnout y calidad de vida laboral en profesionales de servicios sanitarios
Universidad de Salamanca
Doctora en Psicología. Profesora asociada del Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología
email: nrobaina@usal.es
Universidad de Salamanca
Doctora en Psicología. Profesora titular del Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología
email: crisje@usal.es
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora investigadora de tiempo completo, Facultad de Enfermería
email: redazul@hotmail.com
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso
Doctora en Investigación sobre Discapacidad. Docente asociada de tiempo completo, Facultad de Educación
email: vanejuay@gmail.com
Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí
Doctora en Enfermería. Profesora investigadora de tiempo completo, Facultad de Enfermería
email: salina67@hotmail.com
El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en analizar los factores asociados con la calidad de vida laboral y su relación con el síndrome de burnout en profesionales de servicios sanitarios. La muestra estuvo formada por 562 trabajadores pertenecientes al sector sanitario, a quienes se evaluaron los estresores o demandas laborales, el apoyo social percibido, el síndrome de burnout, diversos factores de salud biopsicosocial y la satisfacción y calidad de vida laboral percibida. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), el Job Content Questionnarie (JCQ) y el Cuestionario General de Salud de Goldberg (GHQ-28). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron altas tasas de estrés percibido, así como la presencia de burnout o síndrome de “quemarse” por el trabajo. También se encontraron repercusiones en la salud física y psicológica de los profesionales. Los análisis de varianza pusieron de manifiesto la existencia de diferencias significativas en función de variables como la categoría profesional y los años de antigüedad en la profesión. Asimismo, los análisis de regresión confirmaron que la calidad de vida laboral experimentada por el personal sanitario es producto del equilibrio entre las demandas, los recursos y la ausencia de burnout. Los resultados justifican la necesidad de intervenir con estos profesionales para mejorar tanto su salud como la calidad de los servicios ofrecidos.
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