Application of a projective method for the assessment of children’s dental fear

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Federal University of Uberlândia.
Doctorado.PhD.
email: percinoto@foa.unesp.br

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Federal University of São Paulo.
Doctorado.PhD.
email: percinoto@foa.unesp.br

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School.
Doctorado.PhD.
email: percinoto@foa.unesp.br

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School.
Magister.PhD.
email: percinoto@foa.unesp.br

Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health, Araçatuba Dental School.
Doctorado.PhD.
email: percinoto@foa.unesp.br
The aims of this study were to assess children's dental fear by using a projective technique CDFP (Children’s dental fear picture test). 40 patients from a pediatric dental clinic, between 5-9 years old, took part in this study. At first, the CDFP was applied to the children. This method has three subtests and its overall assessment classifies children as "fearful, non fearful and uncertain". The children answered the CFSS-DS (Children Fear Survey Schedule–Dental Subscale). The results showed that CDFP has inter-examiner reliability and a significant correlation with the CFSS-DS was observed.
Ramos-Jorge ML, Marques LS, Pavia SM, Serra-Negra JM, Pordeus IA. Predictive factors for child behaviour in the dental environment. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2006;7(4):253-7.
Strom K, Ronneberg A, Skaare AB, Espelid I, Willumsen T. Dentists’ use of behavioural management techniques and their attitudes towards treating paediatric patients with dental anxiety. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(4):349-55.
Del Gaudio DJ, Nevid JS. Training dentally anxious children to cope. J Dent Child. 1991; 58(1):31-7.
Kleiman MB. Fear of dentists as an inhibiting factor in children's use of dental services. J Dent Child. 1982;49(3):209-13.
Abrahamsson KH, Berggren U, Hakeberg M, Carlsson SG. Phobic avoidance and regular dental care in fearful dental patients: a comparative study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2001;59(5):259-73.
Berggren U, Meynert G. Dental fear and avoidance: causes, symptoms, and consequences. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984;109(2):247-51.
Milgrom P, Weinstein P. Dental fears in general practice: new guidelines for assessment and treatment. Int Dent J. 1993;43(1):288-93.
Brukiene V, Aleksejuniene J, Balciuniene I. Is dental treatment experience related to dental anxiety? A croos-sectional study in Lithuanian adolescents. Stomatologija. 2006;8(4):108-15.
Nuvvula S, Kamatham R., Challa R., Asokan S. Reframing in dentistry: Revisited. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2013;31(3):165-8.
Dailey YM, Humphris GM, Lennon M. The use of dental anxiety questionnaires: a survey of a group of U.K. dental practioners. Br Dent J. 2001;190(8):450-3.
Aartman IHA, Everdigen TV, Hoogstraten J, Schuurs AH. Self-report measurements of dental anxiety and fear in children: a critical assessment. J Dent Child 1998;65:252-8.
Paryab, M, Hosseinbor M. Dental anxiety and behavioral problems: A study of prevalence and related factors among a group of Iranian children aged 6-12. Journal of J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2013;31(2):82-6.
Xia B, Wang C, Ge L. Factors associated with dental behaviour management problems in children aged 2–8 years in Beijing, China. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2011;21(3):200-9.
El-Housseiny AA, Farsi NM, Alamoudi, NM, Bagher SM, El Derwi D. Assessment for the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule—Dental Subscale, J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2014;39(1):40-46.
Bajric E, Kobaslija S, Juric H. Reliability and validity of Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) in children in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2011;11(4):214-8.
Klingberg G, Hwang CP. Children's dental fear picture test (CDFP): a projective test for the assessment of child dental fear. J Dent Child. 1994;61(2):89-96.
Klingberg G, Hwang CP. Children's dental fear picture test: manual. Götebor: University of Göteborg; 1993. 25 p.
Cuthbert MI, Melamed BG. A screening device: children at risk for dental fears and management problems. J Dent Child. 1982;49(6):432-6.
Rantavuori K. Factors associated with different measures of dental fear among children at different ages. J Dent Child. 2009;76(1):13-9.
Suprabha BS, Rao A, Choudlhary S, Shenoy R. Child dental fear and behavior: the role of environmental factors in a hospital cohort. J Indiano Soc Pedod Dent Prev. 2011;29(2):95-101.
Kilinç G, Akay A, Eden E, Sevinç N, Ellidokuz H. Evaluation of children’s dental anxiety levels at a kindergarten and at a dental clinic. Braz Oral Res. 2016;30(1):1-8
Newton JT, Buck DJ. Anxiety and pain measures in dentistry: a guide to their quality and application. J Am Dent Assoc. 2000;31(10):1449-57.
Wogelius P, Poulsen S, Sorensen T. Prevalence of dental anxiety and behavior management problems among six to eight years old Danish children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2003;61(3):178-83.
Klepsch M, Logie L. Children draw and communicate: an introduction to projective uses of children's drawings of the human figure. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas;1984. 204 p.
Lilienfeld SO, Wood JM, Garb HN. The scientific status of projective techniques. Psychol Sci Publ Interest. 2000;1(2):27-66.
Klingberg G, Berggren U, Norén G. Dental fear in an urban Swedish child population: prevalence and concomitant factors. Community Dent Health. 1994;11(4):208-14.
McComb M, Koenigsberg SR, Broder HL, Houpt M. The effects of oral conscious sedation on future behavior and anxiety in pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent. 2002;24(3):207-11.
Raadal M, Milgrom P, Weinstein P, Mancl L, Cauce AM. The prevalence of dental anxiety in children from low-income families and its relationship to personality traits. J Dent Res. 1995; 74(8):1439-43.
Raj S, Agarwal M, Aradhya K, Konde S, Nagakishore V. Evaluation of Dental Fear in Children during Dental Visit using Children´s Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2013;6(1):12-5.
Abrahamsson KH, Hakeberg M, Stenman J, Ohrn K. Dental beliefs: evaluation of the swedish version of the revised dental beliefs survey in different patient groups and in a non-clinical student sample. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114(3):209-15.
El autor debe declarar que su trabajo es original e inédito y que no se ha postulado a evaluación simultánea para su publicación por otro medio. Además, debe asegurar que no tiene impedimentos de ninguna naturaleza para la concesión de los derechos previstos en el contrato.
El autor se compromete a esperar el resultado de evaluación de la Revista Nacional de Odontología, antes de considerar su presentación a otro medio; en caso de que la respuesta de publicación sea positiva, adicionalmente, se compromete a responder por cualquier acción de reivindicación, plagio u otra clase de reclamación que al respecto pudiera sobrevenir por parte de terceros.
Asimismo, debe declarar que, como autor o coautor, está de acuerdo por completo con los contenidos presentados en el trabajo y ceder todos los derechos patrimoniales, es decir, su reproducción, comunicación pública, distribución, divulgación, transformación, puesta a disposición y demás formas de utilización de la obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, por el término de su protección legal y en todos los países del mundo, al Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, de manera gratuita y sin contraprestación presente o futura.