Artículos de investigación

Reactor de microondas de bajo costo para la síntesis verde de nanomateriales

Vol. 16 Núm. 2 (2020)
Publicado: 2020-05-04
Leydy Tatiana Figueroa Ariza
Marcela Duarte Espinosa
Beynor Antonio Páez Sierra

Introducción: El presente trabajo “un reactor de microondas de bajo costo para la síntesis verde de nanomateriales”, refleja los resultados de investigación logrados en el grupo NanoFab de la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada. En la línea nanofotónica, sensores y nanotecnología. La investigación y análisis se desarrollaron durante el 2019.

Problema: Los procesos de síntesis convencionales generalmente afectan el ambiente y la salud-humana, debido a los reactivos contaminantes y la generación de subproductos.

Objetivo: Modificar un horno de microondas que permita la síntesis ecológica de nanomateriales con posibles aplicaciones en la seguridad nacional.

Metodología: Al reactor se le acopló con un condensador para reducir los elementos volátiles y un agitador magnético para lograr homogeneización localizada. La síntesis comienza con una solución de citrato trisódico a 37 °C. Luego, se mezcla con el nitrato de plata 2 minutos. La mezcla se trata 20 minutos en el reactor. Finalmente, se recuperan las nanopartículas.

Resultados: El reactor de microondas es adecuado para producir nanopartículas. Particularmente, con el tiempo de exposición de 20 minutos permite tamaños entre 80-90 nm. El análisis de espectroscopía de impedancia mostró que la resistencia de las nanopartículas de plata es 2.5 ohms, para el citrato de sodio y el nitrato es 8.8 y 11.8 ohms, respectivamente.

Conclusión: El reactor de microondas modificado es adecuado para la producción de nanomateriales. Se requiere menos solvente durante la síntesis y permite la producción de nanomateriales verdes con un impacto menor en el medio ambiente.

Limitación: El calentamiento homogéneo en la cavidad de microondas se limita al diseño de la guía de ondas, en este caso a la guía del microondas multimodal.

Originalidad: Reactor de bajo costo para producción de nanomateriales y síntesis ecológica.

Palabras clave: Array, Array, Array, Array

Cómo citar

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