Artículo de investigación

Aspectos teóricos e aplicados do direito penal e processual penal que asseguram o direito à defesa

v. 28 n. 2 (2026)
Publicado: 2026-07-06
Ivan Krasnуtskyi
Roman Maksymovych
Nataliya Lashchuk
Vira Navrotska
Iryna Bakhmat

A relevância da pesquisa deve-se ao papel crescente do direito à defesa no sistema de justiça criminal da Ucrânia, especialmente em condições de lei marcial, quando garantir as garantias processuais se torna fundamental para o cumprimento dos princípios do Estado de Direito. O objetivo da pesquisa é esclarecer os mecanismos jurídicos, institucionais e práticos para a implementação do direito à defesa em processos penais na Ucrânia. A base metodológica é constituída por métodos sistemáticos, jurídicos comparativos, jurídicos formais e estatísticos, que permitiram combinar a análise do quadro regulamentar, da prática judicial e de relatórios internacionais (Conselho da Europa, Eurostat, UNODC, OCDE). Como resultado, verificou-se que o sistema ucraniano está a aproximar-se gradualmente dos padrões europeus, mas mantém desafios estruturais — em particular, o acesso limitado do advogado de defesa aos materiais do processo, a desigualdade de recursos entre as partes e o controlo insuficiente sobre as ações do Ministério Público. A dinâmica dos indicadores para 2021-2024 indica um aumento na participação dos advogados de defesa nos processos penais e, ao mesmo tempo, um aumento na duração da investigação pré-julgamento. Uma análise comparativa mostrou que o financiamento do sistema de assistência jurídica gratuita na Ucrânia é 2 a 2,5 vezes inferior ao nível médio europeu, o que causa assimetria prática entre as partes no processo. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados para desenvolver estratégias estatais no domínio da justiça, melhorar a legislação processual penal e aumentar a eficácia da assistência jurídica.

Palavras-chave: direito à defesa, processos penais, processos contraditórios, advocacia, lei marcial, normas europeias de justiça, assistência jurídica, controlo judicial

Como Citar

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