La mente moral corporizada : aproximación a la naturaleza embodied de la cognición moral
Universitat de les Illes Balears
Doctor en Cognición y Evolución Humana. Máster en Cognición y Evolución Humana. Investigador del Grupo de Investigación en Evolución y Cognición Humana (Evocog), Facultad de Psicología.
email: acensulay@yahoo.es
Diversos estudios realizados durante la última década sugieren que la cognición moral está ampliamente sustentada en procesos psicológicos automáticos. En este contexto, la correspondencia psicológica existente entre ciertos estados corporales y ciertos procesos cognitivos (embodiment) ha sido ampliamente documentada en los estudios relacionados con la moralidad. Por consiguiente, la presente revisión tiene como objetivo esclarecer la naturaleza del componente corpóreo de nuestra cognición moral, con especial énfasis en la relación interdependiente entre la emoción de repugnancia, la sensación de limpieza física y los juicios morales. Se concluye que si bien la automaticidad de la cognición moral parece facilitar la ocurrencia del embodiment, la evidencia sugiere que la naturaleza de las metáforas corpóreas implicadas en nuestra vida moral es variable.
Ackerman, J. M., Nocera, C. C. y Bargh, J. A. (2010). Incidental haptic sensationsinfluence social judgments and decisions. Science, 328(5986), 1712-1715.
Bargh, J. A. (1989). Conditional automaticity: varieties of automatic influence on social perception and cognition. In J. Uleman y J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended Thought (3-51). Guilford.
Bargh, J. A. (1994). The four horsemen of automaticity: Awareness, efficiency, intention, and control in social cognition. In J. R. S. Wyer y T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (2nd. ed., pp. 1-40). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M. y Burrows, L. (1996). Automaticity of social behavior: Direct effects of trait construct and stereotype activation on action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71, 230-244.
Bargh, J. A., Schwader, K. L., Hailey, S. E., Dyer, R. L. y Boothby, E. J. (2012). Automaticity in social-cognitive processes. Trends in Cognitive Science, 16(12), 593-605.
Barsalou, L. W. (1999). Perceptual symbol systems. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22, 577-660.
Bloom, P. (2004). Descartes’ baby: How the science of child development explains what makes us human. New York: Basic Books.
Cacioppo, J. T., Priester, J. R. y Berntson, G. G. (1993). Rudimentary determinants of attitudes II: Arm flexion and extension have differential effects on attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 5-17.
Chandler, J. y Schwarz, N. (2009). How extending your middle finger affects your perception of others: Learned movements influence concept accessibility. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 123-128.
Chapman, H. J., Kim, P., Susskind, J. y Anderson (2009). In bad taste: Evidence for the oral origins of moral disgust. Science, 323, 1222-1226.
Cunningham, E., Forestell, C. A. y Dickter, C. L. (2013). Induced disgust affects implicit and explicit responses toward gay men and lesbians. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 362-369.
Dasgupta, N., DeSteno, D., Williams, L. A. y Hunsinger, M. (2009). Fanning the flames of prejudice: The influence of specific incidental emotions on implicit prejudice. Emotion, 9, 585-591.
Eskine, K. J., Kacinik, N. A. y Prinz, J. J. (2011). A Bad Taste in the Mouth: Gustatory Disgust Influences Moral Judgments. Psychological Science, 22, 295-299.
Greene, J. D. (2009). Dual-process morality and the personal/impersonal distinction: A reply to McGuire, Langdon, Coltheart, and Mackenzie. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(3), 581-584.
Greene, J. (2010). Does moral action depend on reasoning? Big questions essay series. John Templeton Foundation. Recuperado de http://www.templeton.org/reason/
Greene, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Engell, A. D., Darley, J. M. y Cohen, J. D. (2004). The neural bases of cognitive conflict and control in moral judgment. Neuron, 44(2), 389-400.
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: a social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological review, 108(4), 814.
Haidt, J. (2012). The Righteous Mind: Why good people are divided by religion and politics. New York: Pantheon Books.
Haidt, J., Rozin, P., McCauley, C. e Imada, S. (1997). Body, psyche, and culture: The relationship of disgust to morality. Psychology and Developing Societies, 9, 107-131.
Inbar, Y., Pizarro, D. A. y Bloom, P. (2011). Disgusting smells cause decreased liking of gay men. Emotion, 12, 23-27.
Lee, S. W. S. y Schwarz, N. (2010). Dirty hands and dirty mouths: Embodiment of the moral-purity metaphor is specific to the motor modality involved in moral transgression. Psychological Science, 21, 1423-1425.
Liljenquist, K., Zhong, C. B. y Galinsky, A. D. (2010). The smell of virtue: Clean scents promote reciprocity and charity. Psychological Science, 21, 381–383.
Meier, B. P., Schnall, S., Schwarz, N. y Bargh, J. A. (2012). Embodiment in social psychology. Topics in cognitive science, 4(4), 705-716.
Moretti, L. y di Pellegrino, G. (2010). Disgust selectively modulates reciprocal fairness in economic interactions. Emotion, 10, 169-180.
Nabi, R. L. (2002). The theoretical versus the lay meaning of disgust: Implications for emotion research. Cognition and Emotion, 16, 695-703.
Olivera La Rosa, A. y Rosselló-Mir, J. (2012). Shocking moral judgments. Saarbrücken: Lap Lambert Academic Publishing.
Olivera La Rosa, A. y Rosselló, J. (2013). On the relationships between disgust and morality: a critical review. Psicothema, 25(2), 222-226.
Ritter, R. S. y Preston, J. L. (2011). Gross gods and icky atheism: Disgust responses to rejected religious beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1225-1230.
Royzman, E. y Sabini, J. (2001). Something it takes to be an emotion: The interesting case of disgust. Journal for the Theory of Social Behavior, 31, 29-59.
Rozin, P., Haidt, J. y McCauley, C. R. (2008). Disgust. In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones y L. F. Barrett (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (3rd. ed., pp. 757-776). New York: Guilford Press.
Schnall, S., Benton, J. y Harvey, S. (2008). With a clean conscience: Cleanliness reduces the severity of moral judgments. Psychological Science, 19, 1219-1222.
Schnall, S., Haidt, J., Clore, G. L. y Jordan, A. H. (2008). Disgust as embodied moral judgment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 1096-1109.
Strack, F., Martin, L. y Stepper, S. (1988). Inhibiting and facilitating conditions of the human smile: A nonobtrusive test of the facial feedback hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 768-777.
Wells, G. L. y Petty, R. E. (1980). The effects of head movement on persuasion: Compatibility and incompatibility of responses. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 1, 219-230.
Wheatley, T. y Haidt, J. (2005). Hypnotic disgust makes moral judgments more severe. Psychological Science, 16, 780-784.
Williams, L. E. y Bargh, J. A. (2008). Experiencing physical warmth promotes interpersonal warmth. Science, 322, 606-607.
Zhong, C. B. y Liljenquist, K. A. (2006). Washing away your sins: Threatened morality and physical cleansing. Science, 313, 1451-1452.
As the author of the article, I declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by me, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in this contract.
In this sense, I am committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Pensando Psicología before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, I am committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties.
At the same time, as the author or co-author, I declare that I am completely in agreement with the conditions presented in this work and that I cede all patrimonial rights, in other words, regarding reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.