Motivaciones para el voluntariado : consideraciones teóricas y una propuesta de operacionalización
Universidad Adventista del Plata
email: carolina.klos@uap.edu.ar
Universidad Adventista del Plata
email: carolina.klos@uap.edu.ar
Introducción: El voluntariado puede definirse como conductas prosociales no espontáneas, planificadas a largo plazo dadas en un contexto organizacional y que buscan activamente beneficiar a extraños (Penner, 2002).
Objetivo: Dado el interés por conocer aquellos factores que impulsan a una persona a involucrarse y permanecer en el servicio voluntario, se presentan las principales consideraciones teóricas referidas a las motivaciones para el voluntariado, proponiendo un instrumento para su operacionalización.
Método: Con la colaboración de cinco jueces expertos se construyó un instrumento de 62 reactivos con un formato de respuesta tipo Likert de 7 puntos. Participaron del estudio 320 adultos jóvenes, de entre 18 a 30 años (M = 22,34; DE = 3,36).
Resultados: Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas de la escala a partir de: a) el poder discriminativo de los ítems, b) la estructura subyacente de la prueba, y c) la consistencia interna de la escala. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian un funcionamiento psicométrico adecuado.
Conclusiones: El cuestionario de evaluación de motivaciones para el voluntariado podría ser una herramienta útil para el reclutamiento de voluntarios, la ubicación de candidatos en puestos apropiados y para el diseño de estrategias que favorezcan su permanencia.
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