eISSN: 2357-4607 H Index: 27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16925/issn.1900-3080 Editor: Ph.D. Liliana Carolina Báez Quintero Start: 2016 digital Frequency: Semiannual Language: Spanish Scope: Focuses on publishing research, reflection, and review articles, as well as clinical cases of interest for the advancement of knowledge or professional practice in the field of dentistry. It is aimed at researchers, professors, students, professionals, and specialists from Colombia and other countries. Indexed in: MIAR, DOAJ, REDIB, Latindex Directory, Flacso Andes, Actualidad Iberoamericana, ZDB, Academic Resource Index, BASE ( see more) eISSN: 2357-4607 H Index: 27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16925/issn.1900-3080 Editor: Ph.D. Liliana Carolina Báez Quintero Start: 2016 digital Frequency: Semiannual Language: Spanish
Every single author of the articles has to declare that is an original unpublished work exclusively created by them, that it has not been submitted for simultaneous evaluation by another publication and that there is no impediment of any kind for concession of the rights provided for in the contract. In this sense, the authors committed to await the result of the evaluation by the journal Revista Nacional de Odontologia before considering its submission to another medium; in case the response by that publication is positive, additionally, the authors committed to respond for any action involving claims, plagiarism or any other kind of claim that could be made by third parties. At the same time, the authors have to declare that they are completely in agreement with the conditions presented in their work and that they cede all patrimonial rights. These rights involve reproduction, public communication, distribution, dissemination, transformation, making it available and all forms of exploitation of the work using any medium or procedure, during the term of the legal protection of the work and in every country in the world, to the Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Press.
Perception of dental students and graduates on the community practices carried out during their professional training
Community practices allow the integration of concepts, the identification of problems and the participation in joint decisions to offer comprehensive care to patients, families and communities; they are carried out in real scenarios to foster engagement with the community and enable direct observation for the analysis of health-related problems. A qualitative research study was conducted using a phenomenological method. Eighteen participants, including students and graduates, took part in the study. Data were collected through a single-session focus group. The main results identified four categories of analysis: experiences, strengths, contributions and difficulties among students and graduates. It is concluded that community practices during dental education provide significant benefits by strengthening professional training and interpersonal skills, while promoting a community-oriented approach and the advancement of public health.
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Humanization in the provision of health services
Humanization is a concept that involves all health service providers who are involved in the direct and indirect care of the patient. Raising awareness and putting it into practice from the different tasks could change dental services in Colombia. Prioritizing the human, knowing concepts such as dignity, autonomy, justice, compassion, otherness, reciprocity and mercy could lead the dental professional to do their job aimed at humanizing the service.
Triggering factors of temporomandibular disorders in university students
Introduction: The temporomandibular joint plays an important physiological role in humans by participating in activities such as speaking, eating, chewing, yawning, which is why it is a highly demanded joint and susceptible to alterations recognized as temporomandibular disorders, which are highly frequent and They imply a limitation in daily movements and other associated symptoms, constituting a global health problem; The student population being extremely susceptible to these disorders due to their relationship with psychosocial factors. Objective: Identify the triggering factors of tmd in students of the Faculty of Physiotherapy of the ces University in 2024. Methodology: Cross-sectional observational quantitative study with a descriptive approach through bivariate analysis, objectively identifying the association between temporomandibular disorders and possible triggering factors. Results: 297 students from the Faculty of Physiotherapy participated, of which 58% were female, the average age was 20. Greater symptoms were identified as associated with the female sex; however, an association was also found with the quality of sleep, the practice of sports or physical activity, semester taken, subjects enrolled, and sporadic episodes of anxiety. Conclusion: Academic load, sleep quality and emotional stress are important triggering factors of tmd, which highlights the importance of addressing psychoemotional well-being and the implementation of healthy habits in the university environment.
Success and challenges in apical surgery
Introduction: The relevance of this report lies in its detailed approach to the clinical management of a complex periapical lesion, illustrating the challenges and strategies employed to achieve a successful outcome. Furthermore, it provides updated information on surgical techniques, materials, and important considerations in the treatment of endodontic pathologies. Case report: A 62-year-old man was referred in June 2023 due to a radiolucent area at the apex of his right upper lateral incisor. After a thorough clinical history, involvement of two teeth was identified: a previously treated canine and an extensive lesion on the lateral incisor. Retreatment was performed on the canine, followed by disinfection and obturation. Purulent debris was identified in the lateral incisor, and the canal was disinfected and a temporary filling placed. After 15 days, the infection persisted, leading to a subsequent apicoectomy. The surgical procedure allowed for adequate visualization and access, followed by precise root-end instrumentation and retrograde sealing with Biodentine®. After suturing, the patient had a satisfactory recovery, with no symptoms at the follow-up visit in January 2024, confirming the success of the treatment. Discussion: The importance of ensuring adequate coronal sealing after endodontic treatment and the need to consider retreatment in cases of persistent symptoms are emphasized. Furthermore, the importance of detailed knowledge of root anatomy for treatment success is stressed. Periapical surgery is presented as a viable option in selected cases, highlighting the promising use of materials such as Biodentine® in apical surgery. The crucial importance of precise retrograde sealing and the consideration of anatomical contraindications for apical surgery are emphasized. It is also noted that most periapical lesions respond favorably to non-surgical treatment, and the key role of bioceramic cement in the repair of these lesions is highlighted. Conclusion: Apical surgery, although considered a last resort, has improved thanks to advances in techniques and materials. Its effectiveness as an alternative to tooth extraction is emphasized. However, longer follow-up periods are necessary to fully assess the treatment success.
The occurrence of osteonecrosis of the jaws has been observed in individuals who take bisphosphonates and have undergone surgical procedures involving the teeth and alveolar bone. The use of bisphosphonates in combination with dental implants is a common treatment approach in the adult population. The aim of this literature review is to analyze and synthesize the scientific evidence from 50 articles related to successful and unsuccessful outcomes of dental implant placement in patients receiving oral or intravenous bisphosphonate therapy. This was achieved by searching, selecting, and analyzing the identified articles to identify patterns, determining factors, and lessons learned from the success and failure cases reported in the scientific literature. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database, including studies, data, and articles directly related to dental implants and bisphosphonates. Relevant data, such as sample size, main results, and conclusions, were extracted from the articles and analyzed and synthesized using comparative tables to identify trends and differences in the effects of bisphosphonates on implant osseointegration and the observed complications. In conclusion, the comparison of the 50 articles on dental implants and bisphosphonate use reveals that this therapeutic combination can lead to complications, particularly osteonecrosis of the jaws. Approximately 10% of patients treated with dental implants experience complications that can lead to treatment failure.
Education on oral hygiene for newborns using a low-cost pediatric simulator
Objective: To strengthen oral hygiene practices for newborns through a health education strategy using a low-cost simulation tool, targeting mothers, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and medical and nursing students. Methodology: The project comprised two educational components: one for mothers of newborns and another for final-year medical and nursing students, as well as healthcare professionals in hospitals with certified delivery rooms. For these groups, educational materials were developed to facilitate oral hygiene education, including a baby simulation kit, a basic concepts booklet, and an instructional guide. Results: The baby simulation kit was used to train 627 nursing and medical students and 172 healthcare professionals from 10 hospitals with certified delivery rooms. Direct support was provided to 1,200 mothers with their newborns, and 15,600 newborn oral hygiene kits were distributed. Conclusions: The baby simulation kit was a well-regarded tool for pre-natal oral hygiene education. It facilitated the integration of dentistry as part of the interdisciplinary healthcare team in various institutions and raised awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the importance of oral care for newborns, thus establishing them as key partners in this endeavor.
Level of reading comprehension in dentistry students of the Metropolitan University, Barranquilla – Colombia
Learning is closely related to oral and written language, this being of vital importance in the development of every human being to communicate correctly, fundamental aspect in every professional. In the educational context the low capacity of the students in the elaboration of written compositions, comprehension and interpretation of texts is observed. That is why it is necessary to strengthen the generic competence called reading comprehension (critical reading). This article aims to determine the current state of reading comprehension level of Dentistry students of the Universidad Metropolitana of Barranquilla (Colombia) by gender and type of educational institution, the representative sample was 188 students from I to X semester. The Instrument to measure Reading Comprehension in University Students (ICLAU) was applied, which is an expository-argumentative text entitled “Evolution and its history”, which presents a narration of 965 words. The text contains 7 items to evaluate five levels of understanding: Literal, Information Reorganization, Inferential, Critical and Appreciative. This instrument has already been validated by Guerra & Guevara (2013). The results obtained show certain shortcomings in students for the comprehension of texts, which invites us to create strategies for the continuous improvement of said competence.
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Treatment of rapid maxillary expansion with hyrax-type orthopedic appliances in a 14-year-old patient
Timely treatment of maxillary expansion can be classified into different types depending on the time, the structure, the material and the location in which it is going to be placed. It can be implemented as a non surgical intervention method, considering the dental and bone age of the patient, in order to achieve notable changes, compared to the possibility of other invasive treatments in which the need for its use can be postponed or eliminated. There are different types of maxillary expanders and an infinity of orthopedic techniques and treatments that can be implemented, however, it is important to emphasize the diagnosis, use and choice of the correct orthopedic appliance for each patient. Therefore, dental retention is one of the most common reference reasons in the area of orthopedics and surgery and is recommended for the restoration of aesthetics and functional dental arches, depending on the retention and location of the dental organ. that may be affected by this pathology, an adequate bone and dental study must be carried out, knowing the eruption times and their possible delays due to factors not linked to genes or trauma. The clinical case of a 14-year-old patient with a retained temporary dental organ is presented without knowing the reason why the respective dental replacement did not occur. In the first instance, the patient received a minimally invasive surgical intervention to extract the piece and thus obtain the space and eruption route for the retained dental piece in the upper jaw, after the lack of clinical changes, the decision was made to perform an orthopedic treatment to support the eruption and provide more space in the arch, with a Hyrax type slow maxillary expansion device, with which it was possible to show changes in angulation and placement in the appropriate space for the exfoliation of the respective tooth. Allowing the choice of a cheaper treatment and with generalized changes both in the dental arch and in the masticatory function of the patient, who had been affected by her occlusion and unfavorable bone growth.
Evaluation of the gingival health of patients with acrylic provisionals from a university clinic in the city of Medellin
Introduction: In the face of extensive coronal destruction or loss of a tooth, a complete restoration is thought of, whether it is a metal-ceramic crown or a totally ceramic crown, as the definitive process, but before this, a provisional restoration must be used, which will carry out for a short time. the indispensable role of replacing function, aesthetics, but also participates to evaluate the effectiveness of a future treatment by being a guide to rehabilitation. Objective: To evaluate the gingival health in patients with acrylic provisionals from a university clinic in the city of Medellín. Materials and methods: It is a cross-sectional quantitative approach study, in which the selection of teeth with provisionals was carried out at convenience, taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample consisted of 52 teeth with acrylic provisionalization. A sociodemographic survey was carried out on the patients and two indices were applied to the area with the provisionals: the Loe and Silness gingival index and the Loe and Silness plaque index; in addition to evaluating the characteristics of the provisional such as texture and cervical adaptation. Results: Analyzing the accumulation of plaque in the provisional, it was obtained that 40.38% presented an excellent removal of plaque, with respect to the inflammation of that gingiva at the level of the gingival margin, taking the Loe and Silness index (IG) as reference. 53.85% of those gums had mild inflammation. Conclusion: When evaluating the gingival health of patients with acrylic provisionals, it is concluded that the greater the accumulation of plaque, maladaptive provisionals, and unremoved cement, the greater the gingival inflammation will occur, which will delay the definitive rehabilitation process.
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Squamous-cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial neoplasm characterized by various clinical manifestations. Present study aimed to report a case of gingival squamous-cell carcinoma in a who patient did not present risk factors associated with the referred neoplasm. A 95-year-old female, attended dental services exposing a rapidly growing, painful proliferative lesion of 6 months of evolution, located in vestibular marginal gingiva, which affected teeth # 33-32-31-43-42-41. According to clinical symptoms and differential diagnosis (central giant cell granuloma and malignant neoplasm), an excisional biopsy was obtained. Diagnosis of referred carcinoma was obtained after three days of patient decease consequent to a severe dyspnea case. Gingival squamous-cell carcinoma is a condition that usually has a good prognostic when diagnostic and treatment are established on time. This study reports a clinical case of a patient who died before having an opportunity to access treatment.
Facial and dental analysis should be integrated with all dental treatments, where aesthetics and function should be the main objectives, since the face is the main basis of aesthetic balance, and dentistry must be in sync with it. The objective of this work is a literature review to identify the factors that should be considered in an aesthetic analysis of the patient when submitted to a dental treatment. The perception of a balanced face is possible, there being a diversified concept of facial beauty, and this varies according to the patient, the aesthetic treatment must always be an allied function, so that you can improve the facial harmony with the smile, return the positive aesthetic means meeting expectations and giving a positive self-image. It is concluded that the perception of a balanced face is possible, there is a diversified concept of facial beauty, and this varies according to the patient.
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Conservative treatment of an unicyistic ameloblastoma, with a 32months follow-up
Introduction: Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is a variant of conventional ameloblastoma, which can originate from the odontogenic epithelium. It usually occurs between the second and third decade of life, mainly in the posterior area of ​​the mandible. Radiographically, it is observed as a well-defined, corticated or partially corticated unilocular radiolucent image, associated with a non-erupted tooth. Presentation of the clinical case: a 9-year-old girl is evaluated, with no relevant medical or family history, due to a large painless swelling in the right mandibular area, which causes asymmetry of the lower facial third of the affected side. In the imaging study, a unilocular lesion was observed in the right mandibular area, which extended from the mandibular notch to the tooth 4.5, leading to thinning and bone expansion. The incisional biopsy gave a suggestive result of UA. Treatment was conservative, by decompression using two cannulas. A reduction of approximately 36% after 32 months follow-up was obtained. Clinical and radiographic controls will continue until a reduction of at least 50% of the size lesion is achieved, to enucleate it. Conclusion: AU treatment should be planned mainly according to the histological subtype and its biological behavior, and the patient should be kept under strict clinical and radiographic control. It is necessary to inform, motivate and engage the patient or guardian, so that he/she is aware of his/her responsibility in the treatment success.
Comparison of histological characteristics between bovine and human dental tissues
Various studies agree that human teeth are morphologically and histologically similar to those of some mammals. In particular, bovine incisor teeth present some special characteristics similar to those of humans. There is little literature describing the microscopic structure of bovine teeth, this being a key link for the complete histological description of such dental piece, for its potential use as a substitute for the human one. The objective of this manuscript is to identify the histological characteristics of human and bovine dental pieces for their use in research and teaching in dentistry.
Frequency and variability of dental morphology in eight ethnic groups in southwestern Colombia
Aim: To characterize the frequency and variability of the dental morphology of eight ethnic groups in southwestern Colombia. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study that characterized the frequency and variability of dental morphology in eight ethnic groups in southwestern Colombia, through the prevalence, sexual dysmorphism, bilateral symmetry and biological distance of eight non-metric dental traits (shovelling, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, protostylid, deflecting wrinkle, cusp pattern, cusp 6 and cusp 7). Results: High shovelling frequencies were observed in indigenous from Jambaló, Morales and Silvia and in afro-descendants from Cali; of the deflecting wrinkle in indigenous from Jambaló and afro-descendants from Villarica; of the cusp pattern in indigenous from Jambaló and Silvia and afro-descendants from Cali; and of cusp 7 in indigenous of Jambaló. The Carabelli trait and the cusp 6 presented medium and low frequencies in the eight ethnic groups. The observed sample did not present sexual dimorphism in any of the morphological features and there was bilateral symmetry in their expression. Significant differences were found in the expression of morphological traits except in the protostylid. Conclusions: The dichotomous expression presence/absence of the eight non-metric dental traits studied shows that the eight ethnic groups of southwestern Colombia conglomerate with respect to their biological affinity with populations with whom they share the influence of the mongoloid, caucasoid and negroid population dental complexes.
Uniquistic ameloblastoma in dentigerous cyst.
Introduction: Unicystic ameloblastoma (AU) is a clinicopathological variant of ameloblastoma with clinical and radiographic characteristics indistinguishable from other cystic lesions, usually benign, affects a younger age group. The cystic lining of unicystic ameloblastoma is not always uniform, and may consist focally of a non-specific epithelium or another similar to that of other odontogenic cysts. This variability in the histological presentation reinforces the importance of adequate sampling in these cystic lesions that allow arriving at the correct diagnosis. Presentation of the case: the purpose of this work is to present a case of a 14-year-old male patient who consulted for a non-painful right facial bulge of more than two years of evolution, without signs of phlogosis. Radiographically, an intraosseous osteolytic image was observed, with cortical thinning, with a tooth included, with a presumptive diagnosis of odontogenic cyst. An incisional biopsy and puncture aspiration were performed, arriving at the diagnosis of a dentigerous cyst with ameloblastomatous transformation. Complete removal of the lesion was performed with safety margins and bone grafting. The definitive diagnosis was Mural Unicystic Ameloblastoma. The evolution was favorable with regular controls every 3 months for more than a year. Conclusion: We emphasize the relevance of knowing its characteristics and sampling for the correct histopathological diagnosis that determines subsequent therapeutic management. Keywords: odontogenic tumors, odontogenic cyst histopathology; Unicystic ameloblastomas.
Surface changes of Gutta-Percha Cones exposed to four antimicrobial substances
Introduction: Guttapercha cones, although they are packed in aseptic conditions and have antimicrobial pro-perties due to their high zinc oxide component, can be contaminated during transport and handling in the clinical environment. Objective: To identify an effective substance for the disinfection of gutta-percha cones that minimizes changes in their morphology. Methods: An experimental in vitro study was carried out with gutta-percha cones from undergraduate stu-dents. A random sample was obtained where 114 cones of caliber 25 were collected. Results: When observing the samples in the SEM, it was found that the substances that modify the cone sur-face (porosity) in a greater percentage were: sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and chlorhexidine 2%; and in a lower percentage, hydrogen peroxide 6% and glutaraldehyde 2%. Conclusion: According to the literature, the most effective substance for the disinfection of gutta-percha co-nes is 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 6% hydrogen peroxide, regardless of their effects on their surface. In the present study, it was observed that the substances that caused the least morphological changes in the gutta-percha cone were 2% glutaraldehyde and 6% hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, 6% hydrogen peroxide has disinfection activity for gutta-percha cones without causing or minimizing surface changes in them.
Importance of diagnosing oral diseases in children
Dental examination in children is not only limited to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention to identify cavities and other frequent affections in this population, but also to many other oral manifestations of innumerable causes. The diagnosis of these injuries requires extensive professional training to provide an adequate treatment. Dentistry has the guarantees to provide patient safety in their care and thereby improve their professional practice. This article aims to reflect on the role of the dentist and the different situations that affect the oral health of the child population.
Odontometric analysis of permanent dentition in caucasoid mestizos from Popayán, Colombia, 2020
The odontometric study contributes to the determination of the ethnic pattern and estimation of sex in forensic identification, and the anthropological determination of the ethnic pattern of populations to clarify their origin, formation, isolation, displacement and contact. An odontometric analysis was sought in the permanent dentition of Caucasoid mestizos from Popayán (Colombia); evaluating bilateral symmetry, sexual dimorphism, biological distance and coronal modulus. The meso-distal and vestibule-lingual diameters of permanent teeth were determined in 72 plaster models. The Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was used to determine sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry (p <0.05) and the squared Euclidean distance to obtain the biological distances. According to the meso-distal diameter, the permanent teeth did not present sexual dimorphism with the exception of the lower right canine (p = 0.009) and left (p = 0.046) and the first lower right molar (p = 0.014) and left (p = 0.012), being higher in men. The same happened with the vestibule-lingual diameter, with the exception of the lower left canine (p = 0.028), with a larger size in women. In all teeth and in both diameters there was bilateral symmetry. Men presented larger meso-distal diameters in lower canines and molars.
Early treatment in patients with maloclusion class III
Introduction: There in the study of Class III malocclusion various terms, one of the most currently used is that described by Moyers, who described the class III molar relationship and anterior crossbite and also classified as Class III skeletal or true muscle or false teeth. Materials and Methods: Patient selection for this study involves the evaluation of all patients seen in practice dentist consultation of Social Services at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Level Undergraduate Faculty of Pediatric Dentistry of the Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi patients had exhibited some features of development prognathism. He proceeded to place the resin in anterior teeth, and verification prior diganostico met the inclusion criteria. Results: The patients modified their closure, reorientation of jaw closure, the first step of getting bitten up edge to edge occlusion redirected. Discussion: Basically, interceptive treatment of malocclusion Pseudo Class III, the challenge is directed to the reorientation of jaw closure, removal of occlusal contacts and the correction of maxillo-mandibular. Conclusion: The changes facial, dental and skeletal cephalometric measurements were based on, and clinical observations of patients seeking treatment are more conservative, less processing time in an office visit and no risk of open bite problem.
Introduction: gingival melanosis physiology is the abnormal deposit of melanin in the gum, it is not considered a pathology. However, it is an aesthetic and psychological problem for some people, requiring treatment. There are some therapeutic alternatives for depigmentation, among which is the application of trichloroacetic acid, which is not invasive. Case report: 35-year-old female patient, who presented physiological gingival melanosis, which generated aesthetic problems in the smile and psychosocial problems with coworkers, was treated with 80% trichloroacetic acid, with positive results. Conclusion: gingival depigmentation with trichloroacetic acid in physiological gingival melanosis is a conservative, effective and little traumatic treatment alternative.
Introduction: immunodeficiency is the functional alteration of the immune system, which is caused by congenital and / or secondary factors. This dysfunction usually generates not only systemic manifestations, but also at the level of the oral cavity and the perioral area. Objective: to identify and explain the oral manifestations of immunodeficiency according to the literature. Methodology: an integrative literature review was carried out, the documents were identified by searching high impact databases; original research, clinical cases, literary reviews and books are selected. No language or publication time restrictions were applied. Results: Among the most reported oral manifestations are oral thrush, ulcerative lesions, condylomata acuminata, hairy leukoplakia and necrotizing periodontal diseases. Conclusions: because immunodeficient subjects are more susceptible to suffering from various conditions that could be life-threatening; early identification of oral manifestations is considered essential to facilitate the systemic diagnosis of the immune condition in addition to allowing concomitant treatment of stomatological and systematic manifestations.
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L-Arginine Chitosan Scaffolds For Oral Health Applications
Scaffolds are used in health specialties to bring structural support in tissues, guide cellular grow, control bacterial colonies and promote metabolic process. It has been reported several forming methods and depending on the physical characteristics of the scaffold could be applied in different health specialties. The following review elucidate the advances of the chitosan scaffold in bioengineering and health, it’s relation with amino acids as Arginine, hydrogel processing methods and finally the benefits to bring a proper treatment in actual dentistry. 23 original papers were used in the review; from in vitro reports, cohorts, RCT’s and animals’ investigations. The use of chitosan scaffolds could be applied on tissues, but the desacetylation degree (DD) and the molecular weight specify the biological target. Has been reported different synthesis protocols, and there’s no proved relationship between the molecular weight or its DD with the biological function. It’s important to investigate more about the chitosan scaffolds to apply into dental specialties.
Periodontal condition and oral health-related quality of life in a group of patients with Parkinson Disease
Introduction: there is a relationship between some neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and the presence of periodontitis. Identify its specific situation allows establishing prevention and treatment strategies. Objective: to determine the periodontal condition and the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a group of patients with Parkinson's disease in the city of Medellín- Colombia. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted on 25 patients from a Foundation in the city. A survey and a clinical examination were conducted with information on sociodemographic and clinical variables, and the application of the OHIP-14P was carried out. The periodontal condition and the OHRQoL were determined according to different variables. The ethical requirements for health research were met. Results: 76% have localized Periodontitis. There were statistically significant differences (p <0.05) in terms of variables such as probing depth ≥ 4 mm by sex (greater in men) and greater dental loss in> 65 years. A greater impact of oral and periodontal health was identified on the quality of life in men, those people > 65 years, with a higher level of academic training, those with low social support, and a shorter time with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Similarly, a relationship in the OHRQoL was observed in case of people with negative indicators of general and oral health and those using dental prostheses. Conclusions: no subject evaluated was healthy and the majority had localized Periodontitis. Differences in the periodontal status and the OHRQoL in patients with Parkinson´s disease according to sociodemographic and clinical variables.
Heritability of the Components of the Cephalometric Measurements odi, apdi, and Mcnamara Triangle In Patients With Class II And Class III Skeletal Malocclusion, Attending The Dental Clinic of the Cooperative University of Colombia
Malocclusion is a pathological entity associated with abnormalities in craniofacial growth and development in which genetic and environmental factors are involved. The role of heritability has been widely investigated in craniometric and cephalometric studies of facial similarities, where it has been shown that the facial shape is the result of the genotype of the person, that is why, the facial appearance presents a familial hereditary tendency. Objective: To determine the heritability of the components of the composite cephalometric measurements: ODI and APDI and McNamara's Triangle in patients with class II and class III of skeletal malocclusion, who went to the Orthodontic clinic of the UCC-Campus Pasto. Methodology: A quantitative, observational and descriptive cross-sectional approach is developed by using a total sample of 60 pairs of siblings. The percentage of heritability is obtained by using the Haseman Elston linear regression test, where a value higher than 80% is considered highly heritable and values ​​of P <0.05 are considered significant. Results: The components that presented the highest heritability were: the cephalometric measurement shared between the ODI and APDI components, the Plano de Frankfort-Plano Palatino angle, with a 100%, and the linear measurement Condilion-Gnation, with a 98%. Conclusions: Mandibular size is influenced by highly heritable factors, but the mandibular position, represented by Facial Plane - Frankfort Plane and ENA-Me, has low heritability, it means that is highly adaptable. Cephalometric measurements such as Plane-Facial Plane-AB and Plane-Mandibular Plane-AB, are the result of a relationship between the maxillary and the mandible, presenting a low heritability, which suggests that they are influenced by external factors inherent to each person.
Description of surface defects and micro-hardness in cobalt chromium structures for dental prostheses made using the CAD-CAM technique
Objective: to describe surface and micro hardness defects in cobalt chromium structures for dental prostheses made using the CAD-CAM technique. Method: Type of descriptive study. Population and sample: 10 cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks for 3-piece bar-type dental prostheses, dimensions 10 cm x 1.5 cm. The plaster model was obtained from a conventio-nal impression, the model was prepared for scanning and the design of the structure, then the structure was ordered to be milled under the supervision of the project researchers. Subsequently, they were analyzed in the scanning electron microscope and in the Shimadzu Micro Vickers Hardness Tester HMV-G 21 equipment. Results: through the scanning electron microscopy, images with magnifications of various sizes were obtained where different defects of surface such as surface irregularities, dirt and foreign bodies. The samples milled with three axes are found to have a hardness of 294.6 ± 21 HK0.1 and an elastic modulus of 239 ± 22.3 GPa, while the samples milled with five axes have a hardness of 336.2 ± 20.9 HK0.1 and an elastic modulus of 237.7 ± 18.3 GPa. Conclusions: through scanning electron microscopy, surface defects were observed that are not visible to the naked eye, such as surface irregularities, unevenness and mainly fatty dirt due to the high carbon content. However, cracks and porosities are not observed. Milling has a slight influence on the hardness, but not on the elastic modulus of the alloy.
Behavior of the position of the mandibular condyle with the increase of the occlusal vertical dimension in patients treated with orthodontics
Associating the procedure of alteration in the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD), to problems of muscle pain, symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, headache and bruxism, the behavior of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is evaluated, with an increase in OVD in patients with orthodontics, a Scoping Review is performed, with Medline (Pubmed), Scopus, Science Direct and BVS databases; an also search terms: "Temporomandibular Joint". Bibliography research: selected articles, additional publications and specific search; from 3667 articles, 41 were preselected and 9 were analyzed. Scientific evidence on dependent condylar position changes, use of lifting techniques leading to augmentation, and answering the question about TMJ behavior, with increasing occlusal vertical dimension is searched. Most used diagnostic aid for evaluation of condylar position consisted of: cone beam computed tomography. No statistically significant changes were found in anteroposterior and vertical condylar position, relationship and centric occlusion, or in condylar volume. Two articles, case reports record statistically significant changes: condylar position in joint space, and index. Reported effects of the increase OVD on TJM, are mainly based on case reports and descriptive observational studies, overcoming controlled clinical trials. There is insufficient evidence on the effects of increased OVD on TMJ. With weak evidence available, indicating rapid TMJ adaptation capacity to moderate changes in OVD. TMJ changes and condylar position are not indicated due to permanent alteration of OVD; further studies are required.
Two important discoveries ushered in a new era in chemotherapy, and revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases. The first was the discovery in 1935 of the curative effects of Prontosil red dye on streptococcal infections. This was the precursor to sulfonamides. The second was the one that started the golden age of antibiotic therapy, we refer to the discovery of penicillin and its subsequent development. This was discovered by Fleming in 1929 and in 1940 Florey, Chain and collaborators, demonstrated and published a report about its enormous potency and the possibility of its extraction from the culture supernatants of the Penicillium notatum fungus. Current knowledge about physiology. Bacterial metabolism and genetics, as well as the available resources on modeling and interaction of molecules, suggests that more and more new antimicrobials will be purely synthetic substances with great specificity for a previously chosen site of action, and with the ability to circumvent the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. This chapter will focus on some generalities of antibiotics and then on the main characteristics of the groups of antibiotics most used in clinical practice. It is not our objective to substitute pharmacology texts, an essential complement for the knowledge of antibiotics (2). There are numerous conditions that require antimicrobial treatment, which manifest infectious processes of dental care, without minimizing the procedures or septic states attended by the physician that do not require antibiotic therapy. We would like to recognize that preventive treatment constitutes in our specialty a fundamental pillar in the prevention of infections or septic complications. We emphasize that optimal oral hygiene, good surgical techniques and a narrow evolution of a patient can influence successful treatment, without the need to use antimicrobial therapy in multiple situations. We will remember that treatment with antimicrobial drugs is not the only therapeutic basis in septic conditions, but must, in unison, decide if necessary surgical treatment is required, drainage of abscesses or purulent collections, general and local measures (thermotherapy and antiseptic solutions) , immune and nutritional support if needed (4)
Antimicrobial efficacy of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, 0.12% chlorhexidine, and two commercial irrigation solutions (Qmix® and MTAD®)
Endodontic treatment includes mechanical therapy combined with irrigation and disinfection techniques to remove vital pulp, non-vital pulp, and infected or necrotic pulp aiming to reduce intracanal pathogens to a level compatible with endodontic health. Infections in the root canal system are polymicrobial in which diverse microorganisms aggregated within extracellular polysaccharide matrix biofilms, therefore endodontic irrigation and mechanical debridement must need to disrupt this established microbial community and its products. Brand new clinical irrigation systems are promoted by their properties against diverse pathogenic endodontic microbiota, but their antimicrobial effectiveness is a matter of discussion. This study aimed to determine the anti-microbial properties of four common endodontic irrigation products against five ATCC strains in an in vitro test. Objective: Determine the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 5.25% NaOClâ, 0.12% Chlorhexidineâ, MTADâ and Qmixâ against reference strains including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans – ATCC 29522, Porphyromonas gingivalis – ATCC 33277, Candida albicans – ATCC 44858, Enteroccocus faecalis - ATCC 29212 and Enterobacter cloacae 13047. Methods and Materials: A microdilution broth test was carried out in triplicate to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal concentration of endodontic irrigation against specific microbial strains. Microbial viability was determined using resazurin, and microbial subcultures according to the adapted Norms of Clinical and Laboratory Standards (NCCL) - 2015. Results: C. albicans, E. faecalis and E. cloacae were the microorganisms more resistant against the microbicide action of Qmixâ and C. albicans, and E. faecalis the more resistant microorganisms against BioPure MTADâ. The BioPure MTADâ had a MIC of (1:8) against E. faecalis and C. albicans and the more susceptible bacteria were A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis and E. cloacae, with MIC (1:8192; 1: 2048; and 1: 1024, respectively). The most resistant against QMIXâ (MIC) were E. faecalis, (1:4), followed by E. cloacae and C. albicans (1:8), and the more susceptible were P. gingivalis (1:1024), and A. actinomycetemcomitans (1:512), respectively. On the other hand, the less susceptible to Chlorhexidineâ was P. gingivalis (MIC, 75 μg/mL), followed by A. actinomycetemcomitans (MIC, 38 μg /mL), while the more susceptible were C. albicans, MIC 19 μg /mL, E. cloacae MIC 9 μg/ mL and E. faecalis MIC 4.7 μg /mL. For NaOCLâ, C. albicans (1,563 μg /mL) was the more susceptible, followed by E. cloacae, P. gingivalis and E. faecalis (781 μg/mL) and the less susceptible was A. actinomycetemcomitans (391 μg/mL). Conclusions: C. albicans, E. cloacae and E. faecalis were the more resistant strains against the endodontic irrigation products tested. The (CIM) of BioPure MTADâ performed slightly better than QMixâ. Chlorhexidineâ (0.12%) was more effective than NaOCLâ (5.25%) in inhibiting most microbial strains used. However, P. gingivalis was the less susceptible to Chlorhexidineâ, requiring 75 μg/mL for CIM. Overall, Chlorhexidineâ showed the best antimicrobial property as endodontic irrigation product in this in vitro test, therefore, this product efficacy might be proved against the complexity of biofilms in other vitro test and also at the clinical setting.
Encouraging healthy eating practices, in preschools in an educational institutionin the city of Medellin
Food practices in schoolchildren show a high prevalence of sugar consumption. The objective of the study was to describe the prevalence of cavities, nutritional habits in preschoolers and first and to promote healthy eating practices at the school Ciudadela Nuevo Occidente. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was carried out with the participation of 61 boys and girls of the preschool, first and second grade, 80 parents or representatives and a non-participant observation was made to schoolchildren, school store and innkeepers, to explore the habits of food consumption in the Institution. Finally, a playful educational strategy was implemented that promoted healthy eating practices. A descriptive analysis of the information collected, and a bivariate analysis were carried out to compare the findings within the study period. The development study during the period 2017-II and 2019-II. Results: 60% of the respondents belonged to a level 1 socioeconomic stratum, 61% of parents had complete and incomplete secondary schooling. 58.8% have a daily consumption of sweets and soft drinks. The frequency of caries was 47.5% and white spots was 49.1%. Cariogenic foods are in the environment of children. 18 educational activities were carried out with 160 preschool and first school children and their teachers. Conclusions: practices such as high sugar intake, poor brushing, not packing children’s toothbrush for school, are risk factors that expose schoolchildren to cavities.
Traditional Medicine (Herbal) in Dentistry
During the stomatological consultation one of the most frequent conditions is toothache, commonly known as "dental pain or toothache". Its intensity forces the patient to attend immediately. This alteration, due to its magnitude, reduces the capacity and performance of many people. The sensation of dental pain originates in the receptors located in the pulp that contain nerve fibers. Cement and enamel are insensitive due to the lack of said cells, thanks to which dentin pain is identified, which is intense and lasts a few seconds, which is caused by external agents (hot or cold drinks, acids or sweets, etc.). In contrast to this, pulp pain can be intermittent, from mild to unbearable, and appear spontaneously without an apparent stimulus.