Diseño y análisis de estufas ecoeficientes en américa latina
una revisiónsistemática de impacto ambiental y social
Introducción: Este artículo de revisión es resultado de una investigación realizada en la Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD) en 2024. Analiza la producción académica sobre estufas ecoeficientes en América Latina entre 2017 y 2024, considerando aspectos de salud, diseño y uso de biocombustibles.
Problema: Las estufas de leña tradicionales continúan siendo ampliamente utilizadas en zonas rurales de América Latina, generando riesgos para la salud y el ambiente debido a la combustión ineficiente y las emisiones contaminantes.
Objetivo: Identificar enfermedades e impactos ambientales y sociales asociados con estas estufas, así como analizar las principales recomendaciones sobre tecnologías ecoeficientes para comunidades rurales.
Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura siguiendo las directrices PRISMA, complementada con análisis bibliométrico. Se examinaron temas relacionados con sistemas de combustión, emisiones de material particulado, producción de gas combustible, enfermedades respiratorias y mejoras en cámaras de combustión.
Resultados: Se destacan modelos como Huellas, FN, Lorena y Patsari, que mejoran la eficiencia energética y reducen emisiones. Noruega, Estados Unidos y Chile lideran la producción científica en este campo. Solo 14 de los 116 autores latinoamericanos identificados publicaron más de un artículo, evidenciando una limitada continuidad investigativa regional. También se identificaron tendencias temáticas y geográficas.
Conclusión: El análisis bibliométrico contribuye a comprender los efectos de la combustión de biomasa sobre la salud y el ambiente, además de orientar futuras líneas de investigación.
Originalidad: El estudio ofrece una visión comparativa de modelos de estufas, efectos sanitarios del uso de biomasa y características de diseño de tecnologías ecoeficientes en América Latina.
Limitaciones: Las bases de datos consultadas contienen información limitada sobre modelos específicos de estufas ecoeficientes, lo que genera una visión fragmentada del tema.
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