Artículo de investigación

O impacto da lei marcial na observância e proteção dos direitos humanos e liberdades

v. 27 n. 2 (2025)
Publicado: 2025-05-21
Olesia Nitsevych
Tetiana Voloshanivska
Olena Lepei
Serhii Danylo

A relevância da pesquisa científica conduzida neste artigo se deve ao fato de que a observância e a proteção dos direitos humanos e liberdades são de particular importância sob a lei marcial. Em tais condições, há uma reestruturação conceitual e adaptação de todas as esferas da sociedade, vida socioeconômica, política e cultural de acordo com as questões urgentes de segurança. Isso implica conceder poderes adicionais às autoridades estatais, comando militar e agências de aplicação da lei apenas para o bom funcionamento do aparato estatal em condições de incerteza, minimizando os riscos de desestabilizar a situação interna no estado. Claro, isso afeta a observância e a proteção dos direitos humanos e liberdades, uma vez que as restrições que podem ocorrer sob o regime legal da lei marcial devem, sem dúvida, cumprir as disposições da Constituição da Ucrânia, leis da Ucrânia e atos jurídicos internacionais ratificados pela Ucrânia. O processo de digitalização dos serviços públicos é de particular importância no curso da observância e proteção dos direitos humanos e liberdades sob a lei marcial, que envolve a simplificação máxima da interação entre a população e as autoridades públicas no contexto do funcionamento complicado destas últimas devido a bombardeios regulares, falta de fornecimento de eletricidade e ataques aéreos. O desenvolvimento de tecnologias digitais sob a lei marcial foi amplamente facilitado pela experiência anterior de adaptação de instituições estatais ao trabalho remoto no contexto da disseminação da infecção pelo coronavírus COVID-19. Apesar das possíveis restrições aos direitos humanos e liberdades sob o regime da lei marcial, as atividades das autoridades públicas devem ser realizadas de acordo com o princípio da legalidade e dentro dos poderes previstos pela lei aplicável.

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